Correlation between CT Abdominal Anthropometric Measurements and Liver Density in Individuals with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Background: With a growing frequency, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most prevalent chronic liver disease worldwide. NAFLD has a strong correlation with other metabolic disorders, such as obesity, particularly abdominal obesity, even though the underlying causes or risk factors are not entirely understood. This study aims to investigate correlations between abdominal anthropometric measurements and the presence and intensity of liver steatosis as assessed by unenhanced computed tomography (CT). Methods: One hundred and nineteen patients (male/female, 66/53; mean age 54.54 +/- 12.90 years) underwent abdominal non-contrast-enhanced CT. CT images were examined to determine the attenuation of liver parenchyma, subcutaneous fat depth, and waist circumference (WC). Results: Among all patients, WC (r = -0.78, p < 0.0001), infraumbilical subcutaneous fat thicknesses (r = -0.51, p < 0.0001), right paraumbilical subcutaneous fat thicknesses (r = -0.62, p < 0.0001), and left paraumbilical subcutaneous fat thicknesses (r = -0.53, p < 0.0001) had a high inverse correlation with the liver attenuation values. The presence of T2D (OR: 2.40, p = 0.04), WC (OR: 11.45, p < 0.001), right paraumbilical (OR: 10.09, p < 0.001), left paraumbilical (OR: 2.81, p = 0.01), and infraumbilical (OR: 3.06, p = 0.007) were strongly independent predictors of NAFLD risk. Moreover, regarding the laboratory parameters, only the higher value of GGT (OR: 2.84, p = 0.009) is a predictor of NAFLD risk. Conclusions: Our data show that higher baseline values of all abdominal anthropometric measurements are correlated with liver attenuation and act as predictors of NAFLD risk.