Dynamics and bifurcation characteristics of actively Q-switched Erbium-doped fiber ring laser based on EOM with large modulation index

Dynamic and bifurcation characteristics of actively Q-switched Erbium-doped fiber ring laser (EDFRL) with large modulation index are investigated theoretically and experimentally. Using pump power and modulation index as control parameters, the laser exhibits a pulse splitting dynamic response process. More pulse splitting states such as double pulse, triple pulse, and quadruple pulse can be achieved in the process of increasing pump power and modulation index, while chaotic outputs are present during the pulse splitting evolution. The dynamic response of the output due to modulation index and modulation frequency change is also discussed. At large modulation index, the formed multiple periodic route exhibits a reverse multiple periodic bifurcation after the maximum multiple period. The dynamic response of Q-switched EDFRL with large modulation index contributes to a more comprehensive understanding of the dynamic characteristics of EDFRL and its applications.