Counterfactual Quantum Byzantine Consensus for Human-Centric Metaverse

被引:4
作者
Paing, Saw Nang [1 ]
Setiawan, Jason William [1 ]
Ullah, Muhammad Asad [1 ]
Zaman, Fakhar [1 ]
Duong, Trung Q. [2 ,3 ]
Dobre, Octavia A. [4 ]
Shin, Hyundong [1 ]
机构
[1] Kyung Hee Univ, Dept Elect & Informat Convergence Engn, Yongin 17104, Gyeonggi D, South Korea
[2] Mem Univ Newfoundland, Fac Engn & Appl Sci, St John, NF A1C 5S7, Canada
[3] Queens Univ Belfast, Sch Elect Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Belfast, North Ireland
[4] Mem Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, St John, NF A1B 3X5, Canada
基金
新加坡国家研究基金会;
关键词
Metaverse; Security; Blockchains; Privacy; Cryptography; Scalability; Quantum entanglement; Blockchain; Byzantine consensus; counterfactual quantum communication; private list distributions; AGREEMENT;
D O I
10.1109/JSAC.2023.3345420
中图分类号
TM [电工技术]; TN [电子技术、通信技术];
学科分类号
0808 ; 0809 ;
摘要
Quantum Byzantine fault tolerance (BFT) consensus is a secure and reliable mechanism that enables network nodes to reach an agreement even in the presence of faulty nodes, by using distributed private correlated lists. It plays a crucial role in developing the blockchain-based Metaverse to ensure its integrity and security. In this paper, we propose a counterfactual quantum BFT (CQ-BFT) protocol for a multipartite network using counterfactual unitary telecomputation with the chained quantum Zeno gates. This consensus protocol achieves an agreement among the parties without the passage of any physical particles through the quantum channel. Due to the unique properties of counterfactual communication, we demonstrate that the CQ-BFT protocol can operate in the absence of a shared phase reference and provide a quantum layer of security and robustness against dephasing noise, fulfilling the stringent requirements of blockchain technology. In addition, we analyze the performance tradeoff of the CQ-BFT protocol in terms of the three pillars of blockchain-i.e., security, scalability, and decentralization. The human-centric Metaverse could leverage high degrees of security, noise resilience, and fault tolerance of the CQ-BFT protocol to enhance its underlying network infrastructure. This protocol leads to more robust and immersive virtual environments that prioritize the needs and experiences of Metaverse users.
引用
收藏
页码:905 / 918
页数:14
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