Visualizing Macrophage Phenotypes and Polarization in Diseases: From Biomarkers to Molecular Probes

被引:20
作者
Ni, Dan [1 ]
Zhou, Heqing [4 ]
Wang, Pengwei [1 ]
Xu, Fulin [5 ]
Li, Cong [1 ,2 ,3 ]
机构
[1] Fudan Univ, Sch Pharm, Key Lab Smart Drug Delivery, Minist Educ,Zhongshan Hosp, Shanghai 201203, Peoples R China
[2] Fudan Univ, State Key Lab Med Neurobiol, Shanghai 201203, Peoples R China
[3] Minist Educ, Innovat Ctr New Drug Dev Immune Inflammatory Dis, Shanghai, Peoples R China
[4] Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol, Tongji Med Coll, Sch Pharm, Wuhan 430030, Peoples R China
[5] Fudan Univ, Minhang Hosp, Shanghai 201199, Peoples R China
来源
PHENOMICS | 2023年 / 3卷 / 06期
基金
中国国家自然科学基金;
关键词
Macrophage phenotypes; Macrophage biomarkers; Molecular probes; Metabolic reprogramming; TUMOR-ASSOCIATED MACROPHAGES; FATTY LIVER-DISEASE; SUCCINATE-DEHYDROGENASE; MITOCHONDRIAL DYNAMICS; MANNOSE RECEPTOR; CELL; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; ACTIVATION; IMMUNOMETABOLISM; IDENTIFICATION;
D O I
10.1007/s43657-023-00129-7
中图分类号
Q3 [遗传学];
学科分类号
071007 ; 090102 ;
摘要
Macrophage is a kind of immune cell and performs multiple functions including pathogen phagocytosis, antigen presentation and tissue remodeling. To fulfill their functionally distinct roles, macrophages undergo polarization towards a spectrum of phenotypes, particularly the classically activated (M1) and alternatively activated (M2) subtypes. However, the binary M1/M2 phenotype fails to capture the complexity of macrophages subpopulations in vivo. Hence, it is crucial to employ spatiotemporal imaging techniques to visualize macrophage phenotypes and polarization, enabling the monitoring of disease progression and assessment of therapeutic responses to drug candidates. This review begins by discussing the origin, function and diversity of macrophage under physiological and pathological conditions. Subsequently, we summarize the identified macrophage phenotypes and their specific biomarkers. In addition, we present the imaging probes locating the lesions by visualizing macrophages with specific phenotype in vivo. Finally, we discuss the challenges and prospects associated with monitoring immune microenvironment and disease progression through imaging of macrophage phenotypes.
引用
收藏
页码:613 / 638
页数:26
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