The Rise of Extracellular Vesicles as New Age Biomarkers in Cancer Diagnosis: Promises and Pitfalls

被引:17
作者
Bamankar, Suraj [1 ]
Londhe, Vaishali Yogesh [1 ]
机构
[1] SVKMs NMIMS, Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel Sch Pharm & Technol Man, VL Mehta Rd, Mumbai 400056, Maharashtra, India
关键词
cancer; extracellular vesicles; diagnosis; biomarkers; EVs; TISSUE FACTOR ACTIVITY; OF-THE-ART; CIRCULATING EXOSOMES; MEMBRANE-VESICLES; TUMOR-CELLS; MICRORNAS; MICROVESICLES; BLOOD; SERUM; BIOGENESIS;
D O I
10.1177/15330338221149266
中图分类号
R73 [肿瘤学];
学科分类号
100214 ;
摘要
Cell-to-cell interactions in the intricate microenvironment of tissue have a significant impact on the progression of cancer at every stage. Both cancer cells and stromal cells are responsible for the secretion of soluble chemical compounds as well as membrane-encased components, which both influence and govern the cell-to-cell interactions within the micro-environment of tumor cells. These membrane structures are identified as extracellular vesicles (EVs), which include exosomes and microvesicles. These nanosized vesicles are made up of bilayered proteolipids and have dimensions ranging from 50 to 1000 nm. It has been speculated that extracellular vesicles that originate from cancer cells perform a variety of functions in the development and progression of cancer which may involve the transport of regulatory materials, such as oncogenic proteins between nearby cells and to distant biological locations. In addition, their level in the serum of cancer patients is noticeably higher than those of healthy controls. The release of extracellular vesicles into the extracellular space is a continual process in both healthy and diseased cells. These extracellular vesicles hold molecular signatures that are defining features of health as well as disease. And hence, the EVs present in biological fluids provide unparalleled and noninvasive access to the necessary molecular details about the health status of the cells. Recent discoveries about these complex extracellular organelles have accelerated the discovery of cancer-specific biological markers as well as the development of unique diagnostic tools based on extracellular vesicles. In this mini-review, we aim to highlight the hopes and hypes associated with the applications of extracellular vesicles as biomarkers for cancer diagnosis.
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页数:10
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