The morphology of dryout nanofluid droplet and underlying mechanisms based on coarse-grained molecular dynamic simulations

The evaporation of nanofluid droplet is an important process in nanofluid combustion, spray drying, and so on. We investigate the influence of nanoparticles on the evaporation behavior of spherical droplets by coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations. The results show that the solid-liquid interaction and the initial volume fraction of the nanoparticles can greatly affect the crust formation. The underlying mechanisms can be characterized by multiplying the Peclet number(Pe) and initial particle concentration(phi(0)). Greater Pe center dot phi(0) can result in morphologies with crust due to the quick movement of nanoparticles to droplet surface. Finally, a phase diagram is constructed to predict the morphology of the dryout nanofluid droplets. Our results extend the fundamental understanding of the mechanisms that control the drying of droplet suspensions.