Interfacial modulation of ZnIn2S4 with high active Zr-S4 sites for boosting photocatalytic activation of oxygen and degradation of emerging contaminant

Interfacial modulation of catalysts for constructing active sites can greatly promote its catalytic activity, while the mechanism on reactive species production at different interfaces still needs to be revealed. In this study, Zr-S-4 active sites were usefully constructed on ZnIn2S4 nanosheets, which effectively modulated the reaction interface and band structure, thus boosting the photocatalytic activity. The optimized material (Zr-1.2-ZIS) showed a similar to 3-fold kinetic rate constant for photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline compared with the pristine ZnIn2S4. Moreover, TC underwent a different degradation pathway over the modified catalyst due to regulation of reactive species after photo-activation. The Zr-S-4 centers were energetically favorable for activating O-2 into center dot O-2(-) and center dot OH, as a more reactive D-band electron was obtained and the adsorption of center dot O-2(-) as well as its further conversion into center dot OH was promoted. Theoretical calculations on Fukui index and toxicity also confirmed the dramatical toxicity reduction during TC degradation by Zr-1.2-ZIS.