The effect of auxin status driven by bacterivorous nematodes on root growth of Arabidopsis thaliana

Bacterivorous nematodes are one of the dominant microbial organisms and play an important role in shaping the bacterial community and hormone dynamics in rhizosphere soils. It has been found that the presence of bacterivorous nematodes potentially regulate indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) content in soils by interacting with the status of IAA-producing bacteria, and eventually act on the growth of plant roots. However, the mechanism behind this interaction in broad soil ecosystems remains unknown. This study reveals the interaction between bacterivorous nematodes and the soil bacterial community, especially IAA-producing bacteria, based on denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analysis. The results of DGGE showed that the bacterial diversity in soil was increased by inoculation of nematodes during certain periods of plant culture, and was also affected by the genotype of the Arabidopsis thaliana (Johannes Thal, 1577) plants. The variation in soil bacterial communities among the treatments with different genotypes of A. thaliana and nematodes indicated that the soil bacterial community structure was affected by both genotype and nematode grazing. Furthermore, we measured the root architectures of four genotypes of A. thaliana, including wild type (Col-0), two IAA-insensitive mutants (Axr5 and Axr3-1), and DR5::GUS transgenic type (IAA sensitive) under different conditions of bacterivorous nematode inoculation. We found that the root architecture of the IAA-sensitive A. thaliana developed more tips and slender roots under inoculation with activated bacterivorous nematodes, while the root architectures of auxin-insensitive A. thaliana mutants showed no significant differences between alive and inactivated bacterivorous nematodes, even though the IAA content increased in the soil under inoculation with alive nematodes. This study confirms that the presence of bacterivorous nematodes in soils increases the soil IAA content significantly by regulating the bacterial community structure, which leads to an accumulation of auxin in the root tips of A. thaliana, and eventually enhances the plant root growth.