Salvage robot-assisted radical prostatectomy after carbon ion radiotherapy to the prostate

PurposeThis study presents the surgical and oncological outcomes of salvage robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) after carbon ion radiotherapy at a single institution.MethodsPatients who underwent salvage RARP for local recurrence after carbon ion radiotherapy at Kyushu University Hospital between 2020 and 2023 were included. A single surgeon performed salvage RARP with extended pelvic lymph node dissection. Clinicopathological characteristics and perioperative and postoperative outcomes were prospectively collected and electronically recorded.ResultsTen cases were included. The preoperative clinical T-stage was T2, except for one case with T3a. The median console time was 171 min (range, 135-226 min). No severe perioperative or postoperative complications were noted. The pathological T-stage was T2, T3a, and T3b in four, four, and two cases, respectively. Biochemical recurrence was observed in one patient at 31.2 months after surgery. For patients with more than 1 year of follow-up, urinary continence recovery with <= 1 pad was achieved in two cases within 1 year, whereas four cases did not recover urinary continence within 1 year.ConclusionsThis case series demonstrated the feasibility of salvage RARP after carbon ion radiotherapy. Although the urinary continence recovery was modest, short-term disease control was favorable.