An exploratory analysis of the last frontier: A systematic literature review of cybersecurity in space

Nowadays, assets in space are vital for the provision of critical societal functions such as transportation, communication, production and supply of food, agriculture, etc. The increasing adoption of services provided by assets in space in our every day life, as well as the high dependence on cyberphysical systems, the increased interconnection and the commercialization of space increase the attack surface and poses significant cybersecurity risks to the space infrastructure; several cybersecurity incidents have already threatened assets in space. This work systematically reviews existing studies on the cybersecurity of the space infrastructure, analyzes the main results of each work, organizes and systematizes the current knowledge in the field, and proposes future research directions towards improving the cybersecurity posture of assets in space.