Histopathological Spectrum of Native Kidney Biopsy from Eastern India: A Single-Center Observational Study

Objective: Kidney biopsy is a valuable tool for the diagnosis and management of kidney diseases. In India, there is no central registry for kidney biopsy, and data from eastern part of India is very sparse. Methods: This is a retrospective observational study of 1312 native kidney biopsies done between 2013 and 2019. In all cases, light microscopy and immunofluorescence studies were done. Electron microscopy was performed on need basis. Results: Eight hundred two patients (61.1%) were male. Nephrotic syndrome was the commonest indication for kidney biopsy (63.6%). Primary glomerular disease was the most common lesion accounting for 84.76% of cases. The most common diagnosis among primary glomerulonephritis was focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (23.02%) followed by minimal change disease (13.34%) and membranous nephropathy (13.26%). Secondary glomerulonephritis accounted for only 8.08% of total cases. Lupus nephritis accounted for only 4.88%. Lupus nephritis was seen more commonly in females (female:male = 9:1). Interstitial diseases accounted for 4.57% of total cases while vascular diseases were seen in 2.29% of cases. In patients with serum creatinine between 1.2 and 2.49 mg/dL, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis was the most common lesion, followed by diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis and IgA nephropathy. In subjects with serum creatinine >= 2.50 mg/dL, IgA nephropathy was the most common histopathology reported, followed by diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis. Conclusion: Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis was the commonest histopathological diagnosis followed by minimal change disease and membranous nephropathy. Lupus nephritis was the commonest lesion among secondary glomerulonephritis and was mostly seen in female patients. Kidney dysfunction was more common in IgA nephropathy, diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis, and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis.