Biosynthesis and characterization of selenium nanoparticles from Andrographis alata: Assessment of their potential antimicrobial, antidiabetic, anti-Alzheimer's and wound healing properties

Recently, there has been a lot of focus on the environmentally friendly, specifically plant-based, synthesis of nanoparticles. The extract of leaves from Andrographis alata (A. alata) was used in the current work as a reducing agent to create selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs), which will be used in biological applications (antibacterial, antioxidant and antidiabetic, anti-Alzheimer's and wound healing properties). As part of detailed characterization, the UV-Vis spectra showed an absorption peak at 274 nm with a size in the range of 55-75 nm were shown in morphological investigations using EDS, DLS and SEM analysis to have crystalline spherical-shaped structures. Against several harmful bacterial strains, SeNPs demonstrated a remarkable antibacterial effectiveness. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of synthesized SeNPs completely prevented the development of various pathogens. Furthermore, bio-reduced SeNPs showed high cholinesterase inhibition efficacy and good antipotential Alzheimer's. According to the current research, treatment with biosynthesized SeNPs stimulates faster wound healing in NIH3T3 murine fibroblast cell lines without cytotoxicity. Different in vitro biological experiments also showed that, when compared with the extract of A. alata, bio-reduced SeNPs had considerable antibacterial, antioxidant effects, antidiabetic, anti-Alzheimer's and wound healing. In general, the findings demonstrate the efficacy and prospective therapeutic uses of SeNPs.