Effects of blood transfusion, cardiopulmonary bypass time, and bypassed vessels on mortality following isolated and combined coronary artery bypass grafting

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the correlation between the number of bypassed vessels, the duration of Cardiopulmonary bypass, blood transfusion requirements, revision rates, and mortality outcomes. The objective was to get insights into the potential challenges that may arise during the postoperative phase. Methods: Our study covered a total of 677 patients from January 2015 to January 2021. The study and analysis focused on many factors including the surgical procedure, the number of bypassed vessels, transfusion requirements, comorbidities, revision rates, the administration of blood thinners, and early mortality. Results: Male patients numbered 513 and female patients 164. The combined coronary artery bypass grafting surgeries were 187, whereas the isolated ones were 490. Combination procedures traditionally used one-and two-vessel bypass grafting. 30.9% of patients had three vessels, while 31.6% had four. The typical blood transfusion has 4.2 erythrocytes. Fresh frozen plasma averaged 2.9 units, platelets 2.4 units, and whole fresh blood 2.6 units. The average cardiopulmonary bypass time was 145.1 and cross-clamp time was 89.3. Conclusion: Six vessel bypasses have the highest revision rate. Transfusion rises with longer cardiopulmonary bypass and cross-clamp periods. Using acetylsalicylic acid before surgery increases the need for fresh frozen plasma and platelets. However, warfarin sodium increases the need for fresh frozen plasma and increases mortality. The revision highly linked with total CPB, cross-clamp times, all blood transfusions, and mortality.