Impact of mandatory masking amid the COVID-19 pandemic on outdoor smoking: an interrupted time-series analysis of a 33-month unobtrusive observational study
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作者:
Sun, Yuying
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Univ Hong Kong, Sch Publ Hlth, Hong Kong, Peoples R China
Hong Kong Metropolitan Univ, Sch Nursing & Hlth Studies, Hong Kong, Peoples R ChinaUniv Hong Kong, Sch Publ Hlth, Hong Kong, Peoples R China
Sun, Yuying
[1
,2
]
Wu, Yongda Socrates
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机构:
Univ Hong Kong, Sch Nursing, Hong Kong, Peoples R ChinaUniv Hong Kong, Sch Publ Hlth, Hong Kong, Peoples R China
Wu, Yongda Socrates
[3
]
Cheung, Yee Tak Derek
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机构:
Univ Hong Kong, Sch Nursing, Hong Kong, Peoples R ChinaUniv Hong Kong, Sch Publ Hlth, Hong Kong, Peoples R China
Cheung, Yee Tak Derek
[3
]
Wang, Man Ping
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机构:
Univ Hong Kong, Sch Nursing, Hong Kong, Peoples R ChinaUniv Hong Kong, Sch Publ Hlth, Hong Kong, Peoples R China
Wang, Man Ping
[3
]
Chen, Jianjiu
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机构:
Univ Hong Kong, Sch Publ Hlth, Hong Kong, Peoples R China
Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, New York, NY USAUniv Hong Kong, Sch Publ Hlth, Hong Kong, Peoples R China
Chen, Jianjiu
[1
,4
]
Leung, Lok Tung
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机构:
Univ Hong Kong, Sch Publ Hlth, Hong Kong, Peoples R ChinaUniv Hong Kong, Sch Publ Hlth, Hong Kong, Peoples R China
Leung, Lok Tung
[1
]
Zhang, Xiaoyu
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机构:
Univ Hong Kong, Sch Publ Hlth, Hong Kong, Peoples R ChinaUniv Hong Kong, Sch Publ Hlth, Hong Kong, Peoples R China
Zhang, Xiaoyu
[1
]
Chak, Kin Yeung
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h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Hong Kong, Sch Publ Hlth, Hong Kong, Peoples R China
Univ Hong Kong, Sch Nursing, Hong Kong, Peoples R ChinaUniv Hong Kong, Sch Publ Hlth, Hong Kong, Peoples R China
Chak, Kin Yeung
[1
,3
]
Lam, Tai Hing
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机构:
Univ Hong Kong, Sch Publ Hlth, Hong Kong, Peoples R ChinaUniv Hong Kong, Sch Publ Hlth, Hong Kong, Peoples R China
Lam, Tai Hing
[1
]
Ho, Sai Yin
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Univ Hong Kong, Sch Publ Hlth, Hong Kong, Peoples R ChinaUniv Hong Kong, Sch Publ Hlth, Hong Kong, Peoples R China
Ho, Sai Yin
[1
]
机构:
[1] Univ Hong Kong, Sch Publ Hlth, Hong Kong, Peoples R China
[2] Hong Kong Metropolitan Univ, Sch Nursing & Hlth Studies, Hong Kong, Peoples R China
[3] Univ Hong Kong, Sch Nursing, Hong Kong, Peoples R China
[4] Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, New York, NY USA
COVID-19;
face mask;
mandatory masking;
smoking;
observational;
INTERVENTIONS;
REGRESSION;
D O I:
10.3389/fpubh.2023.1136621
中图分类号:
R1 [预防医学、卫生学];
学科分类号:
1004 ;
120402 ;
摘要:
BackgroundMask-wearing in outdoor public places in Hong Kong was mandated on 29 July 2020, amid the COVID-19 pandemic. We aimed to evaluate the impact of mandatory masking with no exemption for smoking on outdoor smoking. MethodsWe conducted 253 unobtrusive observations at 10 outdoor smoking hotspots in 33 months from July 2019 to March 2022 and counted smokers and non-smoking pedestrians in fixed boundaries. We conducted interrupted time-series analyses on the monthly mean volume of smokers (persons per hour) using generalized linear models. The independent variables were as follows: time since the first observation, implementation of the mask regulation, time since the regulation, seasonality, and waves 1-5 outbreaks. We checked the robustness of the association using the daily mean volume of smokers as the dependent variable. Two sensitivity analyses were conducted to include the hotspot location or the number of all pedestrians as an offset. ResultsMonthly outdoor smoking decreased immediately after the regulation (incidence rate ratio [IRR]: 0.505, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.374 to 0.680, P < 0.001). Daily smoking analysis and the two sensitivity analyses supported the results. However, monthly outdoor smoking increased by 11% since the regulation (IRR: 1.110, 95% CI: 1.074 to 1.147, P < 0.001). An exception was observed at the most severe wave 5 outbreak when monthly outdoor smoking decreased (IRR: 0.415, 95% CI: 0.327 to 0.525, P < 0.001). ConclusionOutdoor smoking fell immediately after mandatory masking, rebounded to pre-pandemic levels, and decreased again at the most severe wave 5.
机构:
Iizuka Hosp, Dept Gen Med, Iizuka, Fukuoka, Japan
Kaita Hosp, Dept Gen Med, Fukuoka, JapanIizuka Hosp, Dept Gen Med, Iizuka, Fukuoka, Japan
Shibata, Masashi
Aoki, Takuya
论文数: 0引用数: 0
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机构:
Jikei Univ, Res Ctr Med Sci, Div Clin Epidemiol, Sch Med, Tokyo, Japan
Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Med, Dept Community Med, Sect Clin Epidemiol, Kyoto, JapanIizuka Hosp, Dept Gen Med, Iizuka, Fukuoka, Japan
Aoki, Takuya
Matsushima, Masato
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Jikei Univ, Res Ctr Med Sci, Div Clin Epidemiol, Sch Med, Tokyo, JapanIizuka Hosp, Dept Gen Med, Iizuka, Fukuoka, Japan
机构:
Lorestan Univ Med Sci, Fac Med, Dept Anesthesiol, Khorramabad, Lorestan, IranLorestan Univ Med Sci, Fac Med, Dept Anesthesiol, Khorramabad, Lorestan, Iran
Beiranvand, Siavash
Behzadifar, Meysam
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Lorestan Univ Med Sci, Social Determinants Hlth Res Ctr, Khorramabad, IranLorestan Univ Med Sci, Fac Med, Dept Anesthesiol, Khorramabad, Lorestan, Iran
Behzadifar, Meysam
Aryankhesal, Aidin
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机构:
Univ East Anglia, Fac Med & Hlth Sci, Sch Hlth Sci, Norwich, EnglandLorestan Univ Med Sci, Fac Med, Dept Anesthesiol, Khorramabad, Lorestan, Iran
Aryankhesal, Aidin
Ehsanzadeh, Seyed Jafar
论文数: 0引用数: 0
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机构:
Iran Univ Med Sci, Sch Hlth Management & Informat Sci, English Language Dept, Tehran, IranLorestan Univ Med Sci, Fac Med, Dept Anesthesiol, Khorramabad, Lorestan, Iran
Ehsanzadeh, Seyed Jafar
Teli, Banafshe Darvishi
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Iran Univ Med Sci, Sch Hlth Management & Informat Sci, Dept Hlth Econ, Tehran, IranLorestan Univ Med Sci, Fac Med, Dept Anesthesiol, Khorramabad, Lorestan, Iran
Teli, Banafshe Darvishi
Behzadifar, Masoud
论文数: 0引用数: 0
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机构:
Lorestan Univ Med Sci, Fac Med, Dept Anesthesiol, Khorramabad, Lorestan, Iran
Lorestan Univ Med Sci, Social Determinants Hlth Res Ctr, Khorramabad, IranLorestan Univ Med Sci, Fac Med, Dept Anesthesiol, Khorramabad, Lorestan, Iran
机构:
Univ Washington, Dept Epidemiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USAUniv Washington, Dept Epidemiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
Riley, Taylor
Nethery, Elizabeth
论文数: 0引用数: 0
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机构:
Univ British Columbia, Sch Populat & Publ Hlth, Vancouver, BC, CanadaUniv Washington, Dept Epidemiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
Nethery, Elizabeth
Chung, Esther K.
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机构:
Univ Washington, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
Seattle Childrens Hosp, Seattle, WA USAUniv Washington, Dept Epidemiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
Chung, Esther K.
Souter, Vivienne
论文数: 0引用数: 0
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机构:
Obstet Care Outcomes Assessment Program, Seattle, WA USA
Univ Washington, Dept Hlth Syst & Populat Hlth, Seattle, WA 98195 USAUniv Washington, Dept Epidemiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
Souter, Vivienne
BIRTH-ISSUES IN PERINATAL CARE,
2022,
49
(02):
: 298
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309
机构:
Anim Quarantine Intitute, Sci & Technol Res Ctr China Customs, Beijing 101101, Peoples R China
Changzhi Med Coll, Dept Publ Hlth & Prevent Med, Changzhi, Peoples R ChinaAnim Quarantine Intitute, Sci & Technol Res Ctr China Customs, Beijing 101101, Peoples R China
Li, Jin
Yuan, Fang
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机构:
Anim Quarantine Intitute, Sci & Technol Res Ctr China Customs, Beijing 101101, Peoples R ChinaAnim Quarantine Intitute, Sci & Technol Res Ctr China Customs, Beijing 101101, Peoples R China
Yuan, Fang
Fan, Shengfu
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Changzhi Med Coll, Dept Foreign Languages, Changzhi, Peoples R China
Univ Tasmania, Coll Hlth & Med, Hobart, Tas, AustraliaAnim Quarantine Intitute, Sci & Technol Res Ctr China Customs, Beijing 101101, Peoples R China
Fan, Shengfu
Tian, Jie
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Anim Quarantine Intitute, Sci & Technol Res Ctr China Customs, Beijing 101101, Peoples R ChinaAnim Quarantine Intitute, Sci & Technol Res Ctr China Customs, Beijing 101101, Peoples R China
Tian, Jie
Yang, Jianzhou
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Changzhi Med Coll, Dept Publ Hlth & Prevent Med, Changzhi, Peoples R China
Changzhi Med Coll, Key Lab Environm Pathogen Mech & Prevent Chron Dis, Changzhi 046000, Peoples R China
Shanxi Higher Educ Inst Sci & Technol Innovat Plan, Lab Environm Factors & Populat Hlth, Changzhi 046000, Peoples R ChinaAnim Quarantine Intitute, Sci & Technol Res Ctr China Customs, Beijing 101101, Peoples R China
机构:
Navy Med Univ, Affiliated Hosp 2, Dept Dis Prevent & Control, Shanghai, Peoples R ChinaNavy Med Univ, Affiliated Hosp 2, Dept Dis Prevent & Control, Shanghai, Peoples R China
Jin, Chenyang
Zhang, Qun
论文数: 0引用数: 0
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机构:
Navy Med Univ, Affiliated Hosp 2, Dept Dis Prevent & Control, Shanghai, Peoples R ChinaNavy Med Univ, Affiliated Hosp 2, Dept Dis Prevent & Control, Shanghai, Peoples R China