Relieving the Ion Migration and Increasing Superoxide Resistance with Glutathione Incorporation for Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have the great potential for the next-generation energy application, while the serious issue about longevity has still been a long-standing concern. The rapid crystallization process would inevitably introduce defects, and the perovskite film decomposed rapidly when exposed to water/oxygen. Herein, the reduced l-glutathione (GSH) is introduced into the perovskite precursor to tailor the crystallization process and passivate defects, thus relief the detrimental ion migration. Furthermore, GSH can effectively inhibit the formation of superoxide. As a result, the optimized PSCs demonstrate the champion power conversion efficiency of 22.89% and maintained 91% of its initial efficiency under ambient environment for 1000 h.