共 15 条
Cross-sectional imaging findings of cardiac outpouchings
被引:1
作者:

论文数: 引用数:
h-index:
机构:

Hazirolan, Tuncay
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Hacettepe Univ, Fac Med, Dept Radiol, Ankara, Turkiye Pamukkale Univ, Fac Med, Dept Radiol, Denizli, Turkiye
机构:
[1] Pamukkale Univ, Fac Med, Dept Radiol, Denizli, Turkiye
[2] Hacettepe Univ, Fac Med, Dept Radiol, Ankara, Turkiye
关键词:
Aneurysm;
cardiac catheterization;
computed topography angiography;
congenital heart disease;
coronary artery disease;
diagnosis;
diverticulum;
echocardiogram;
embolism;
magnetic resonance imaging;
outpouching;
pericardial;
pseudoaneurysm;
three-dimensional;
ventricles;
LEFT-VENTRICULAR ANEURYSM;
SEPTAL ANEURYSM;
CT;
PITFALLS;
D O I:
10.4274/dir.2022.221419
中图分类号:
R8 [特种医学];
R445 [影像诊断学];
学科分类号:
1002 ;
100207 ;
1009 ;
摘要:
A cardiac outpouching (CO) is a protrusion in a heart chamber's internal anatomical lining. Most COs are clinically insignificant, but some are of vital importance, requiring immediate surgery. Cross-sectional imaging findings of COs, such as location, morphology, size, and accompanying wall motion abnormalities, play an essential role in determining the correct diagnosis and appropriate clinical management. Therefore, radiologists should be familiar with them. This article reviews the key cross-sectional imaging findings and differential diagnoses of COs.
引用
收藏
页码:68 / 79
页数:12
相关论文
共 15 条
[1]
Interventricular membranous septal aneurysm: CT and MR manifestations
[J].
Carcano C.
;
Kanne J.P.
;
Kirsch J.
.
Insights into Imaging,
2016, 7 (1)
:111-117

Carcano C.
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Department of Radiology, Cleveland Clinic Florida, 2950 Cleveland Clinic Blvd, Weston, 33331, Fl
Department of Radiology, Mount Sinai Medical center, 4300 Alton Road, Miami Beach, 33141, FL Department of Radiology, Cleveland Clinic Florida, 2950 Cleveland Clinic Blvd, Weston, 33331, Fl

Kanne J.P.
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 750 Highland Avenue, Madison, 53726, WI Department of Radiology, Cleveland Clinic Florida, 2950 Cleveland Clinic Blvd, Weston, 33331, Fl

Kirsch J.
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Department of Radiology, Cleveland Clinic Florida, 2950 Cleveland Clinic Blvd, Weston, 33331, Fl Department of Radiology, Cleveland Clinic Florida, 2950 Cleveland Clinic Blvd, Weston, 33331, Fl
[2]
Comprehensive review of pericardial diseases using different imaging modalities
[J].
Fadl, Shaimaa A.
;
Nasrullah, Ayesha
;
Harris, Andrew
;
Edwards, Rachael
;
Kicska, Gregory
.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR IMAGING,
2020, 36 (05)
:947-969

Fadl, Shaimaa A.
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Virginia Commonwealth Univ VCU Hlth Syst, Dept Radiol, Richmond, VA 23298 USA Virginia Commonwealth Univ VCU Hlth Syst, Dept Radiol, Richmond, VA 23298 USA

Nasrullah, Ayesha
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Washington, Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA Virginia Commonwealth Univ VCU Hlth Syst, Dept Radiol, Richmond, VA 23298 USA

Harris, Andrew
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Washington, Med Ctr, Dept Cardiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA Virginia Commonwealth Univ VCU Hlth Syst, Dept Radiol, Richmond, VA 23298 USA

Edwards, Rachael
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
TRA Med Imaging, Seattle, WA USA
Univ Washington, Med Ctr, Seattle, WA 98195 USA Virginia Commonwealth Univ VCU Hlth Syst, Dept Radiol, Richmond, VA 23298 USA

Kicska, Gregory
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Washington, Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA Virginia Commonwealth Univ VCU Hlth Syst, Dept Radiol, Richmond, VA 23298 USA
[3]
True versus false left ventricular aneurysm: Differentiation with MR imaging - Initial experience
[J].
Konen, E
;
Merchant, N
;
Gutierrez, C
;
Provost, Y
;
Mickleborough, L
;
Paul, NS
;
Butany, J
.
RADIOLOGY,
2005, 236 (01)
:65-70

Konen, E
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构: Univ Toronto, Toronto Gen Hosp, Dept Med Imaging, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada

Merchant, N
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构: Univ Toronto, Toronto Gen Hosp, Dept Med Imaging, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada

Gutierrez, C
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构: Univ Toronto, Toronto Gen Hosp, Dept Med Imaging, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada

Provost, Y
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构: Univ Toronto, Toronto Gen Hosp, Dept Med Imaging, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada

Mickleborough, L
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构: Univ Toronto, Toronto Gen Hosp, Dept Med Imaging, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada

Paul, NS
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构: Univ Toronto, Toronto Gen Hosp, Dept Med Imaging, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada

Butany, J
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构: Univ Toronto, Toronto Gen Hosp, Dept Med Imaging, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
[4]
Transthoracic Echocardiography: Pitfalls and Limitations as Delineated at Cardiac CT and MR Imaging1
[J].
Malik, Sachin B.
;
Chen, Natalie
;
Parker, Rex A., III
;
Hsu, Joe Y.
.
RADIOGRAPHICS,
2017, 37 (02)
:383-406

Malik, Sachin B.
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Kaiser Permanente Los Angeles Med Ctr, Dept Diagnost Imaging, 1505 N Edgemont Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90027 USA Kaiser Permanente Los Angeles Med Ctr, Dept Diagnost Imaging, 1505 N Edgemont Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90027 USA

Chen, Natalie
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Kaiser Permanente Los Angeles Med Ctr, Dept Diagnost Imaging, 1505 N Edgemont Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90027 USA Kaiser Permanente Los Angeles Med Ctr, Dept Diagnost Imaging, 1505 N Edgemont Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90027 USA

Parker, Rex A., III
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Kaiser Permanente Los Angeles Med Ctr, Dept Diagnost Imaging, 1505 N Edgemont Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90027 USA Kaiser Permanente Los Angeles Med Ctr, Dept Diagnost Imaging, 1505 N Edgemont Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90027 USA

Hsu, Joe Y.
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Kaiser Permanente Los Angeles Med Ctr, Dept Diagnost Imaging, 1505 N Edgemont Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90027 USA Kaiser Permanente Los Angeles Med Ctr, Dept Diagnost Imaging, 1505 N Edgemont Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90027 USA
[5]
Left Atrial Septal Pouch-Is it Really a New Risk Factor for Ischemic Stroke? Subanalysis of the ASSAM Study
[J].
Michalowska, Ilona
;
Dudzinska, Katarzyna
;
Kowalik, Ilona
;
Kwiatek, Pawel
;
Piotrowski, Roman
;
Kulakowski, Piotr
;
Baran, Jakub
.
JOURNAL OF THORACIC IMAGING,
2022, 37 (03)
:168-172

Michalowska, Ilona
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Natl Inst Cardiol, Dept Radiol, PL-04628 Warsaw, Poland Natl Inst Cardiol, Dept Radiol, PL-04628 Warsaw, Poland

Dudzinska, Katarzyna
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Grochowski Hosp, Ctr Postgrad Med Educ, Dept Cardiol, Div Clin Electrophysiol, Warsaw, Poland Natl Inst Cardiol, Dept Radiol, PL-04628 Warsaw, Poland

Kowalik, Ilona
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Natl Inst Cardiol, Dept Coronary Artery Dis 2, Warsaw, Poland Natl Inst Cardiol, Dept Radiol, PL-04628 Warsaw, Poland

Kwiatek, Pawel
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Natl Inst Cardiol, Dept Radiol, PL-04628 Warsaw, Poland Natl Inst Cardiol, Dept Radiol, PL-04628 Warsaw, Poland

Piotrowski, Roman
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Grochowski Hosp, Ctr Postgrad Med Educ, Dept Cardiol, Div Clin Electrophysiol, Warsaw, Poland Natl Inst Cardiol, Dept Radiol, PL-04628 Warsaw, Poland

Kulakowski, Piotr
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Grochowski Hosp, Ctr Postgrad Med Educ, Dept Cardiol, Div Clin Electrophysiol, Warsaw, Poland Natl Inst Cardiol, Dept Radiol, PL-04628 Warsaw, Poland

Baran, Jakub
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Grochowski Hosp, Ctr Postgrad Med Educ, Dept Cardiol, Div Clin Electrophysiol, Warsaw, Poland Natl Inst Cardiol, Dept Radiol, PL-04628 Warsaw, Poland
[6]
Cardiac MR Imaging of Nonischemic Cardiomyopathies: Imaging Protocols and Spectra of Appearances
[J].
O'Donnell, David H.
;
Abbara, Suhny
;
Chaithiraphan, Vithaya
;
Yared, Kibar
;
Killeen, Ronan P.
;
Martos, Ramon
;
Keane, David
;
Cury, Ricardo C.
;
Dodd, Jonathan D.
.
RADIOLOGY,
2012, 262 (02)
:403-422

O'Donnell, David H.
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Boston, MA 02215 USA St Vincents Univ Hosp, Cardiac CT & MR Imaging Program, Dublin 4, Ireland

论文数: 引用数:
h-index:
机构:

Chaithiraphan, Vithaya
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Ctr Integrat Med & Innovat Technol, Cardiac MR PET CT Program, Boston, MA USA St Vincents Univ Hosp, Cardiac CT & MR Imaging Program, Dublin 4, Ireland

Yared, Kibar
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Ctr Integrat Med & Innovat Technol, Cardiac MR PET CT Program, Boston, MA USA
Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Dept Radiol, Boston, MA 02114 USA
Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA USA St Vincents Univ Hosp, Cardiac CT & MR Imaging Program, Dublin 4, Ireland

Killeen, Ronan P.
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
St Vincents Univ Hosp, Cardiac CT & MR Imaging Program, Dublin 4, Ireland
Univ Coll, Dublin, Ireland St Vincents Univ Hosp, Cardiac CT & MR Imaging Program, Dublin 4, Ireland

Martos, Ramon
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
St Vincents Univ Hosp, Cardiac CT & MR Imaging Program, Dublin 4, Ireland
Univ Coll, Dublin, Ireland St Vincents Univ Hosp, Cardiac CT & MR Imaging Program, Dublin 4, Ireland

Keane, David
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
St Vincents Univ Hosp, Cardiac CT & MR Imaging Program, Dublin 4, Ireland
Univ Coll, Dublin, Ireland St Vincents Univ Hosp, Cardiac CT & MR Imaging Program, Dublin 4, Ireland

Cury, Ricardo C.
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Baptist Miami Cardiac & Vasc Inst, Dept Radiol, Miami, FL USA St Vincents Univ Hosp, Cardiac CT & MR Imaging Program, Dublin 4, Ireland

Dodd, Jonathan D.
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
St Vincents Univ Hosp, Cardiac CT & MR Imaging Program, Dublin 4, Ireland
Univ Coll, Dublin, Ireland St Vincents Univ Hosp, Cardiac CT & MR Imaging Program, Dublin 4, Ireland
[7]
Atrial septal aneurysm: A new classification in two hundred five adults
[J].
OlivaresReyes, A
;
Chan, S
;
Lazar, EJ
;
Bandlamudi, K
;
Narla, V
;
Ong, K
.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY,
1997, 10 (06)
:644-656

OlivaresReyes, A
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
BROOKLYN HOSP CTR,DEPT INTERNAL MED,DIV CARDIOL,ECHOCARDIOG LAB,BROOKLYN,NY BROOKLYN HOSP CTR,DEPT INTERNAL MED,DIV CARDIOL,ECHOCARDIOG LAB,BROOKLYN,NY

Chan, S
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
BROOKLYN HOSP CTR,DEPT INTERNAL MED,DIV CARDIOL,ECHOCARDIOG LAB,BROOKLYN,NY BROOKLYN HOSP CTR,DEPT INTERNAL MED,DIV CARDIOL,ECHOCARDIOG LAB,BROOKLYN,NY

Lazar, EJ
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
BROOKLYN HOSP CTR,DEPT INTERNAL MED,DIV CARDIOL,ECHOCARDIOG LAB,BROOKLYN,NY BROOKLYN HOSP CTR,DEPT INTERNAL MED,DIV CARDIOL,ECHOCARDIOG LAB,BROOKLYN,NY

Bandlamudi, K
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
BROOKLYN HOSP CTR,DEPT INTERNAL MED,DIV CARDIOL,ECHOCARDIOG LAB,BROOKLYN,NY BROOKLYN HOSP CTR,DEPT INTERNAL MED,DIV CARDIOL,ECHOCARDIOG LAB,BROOKLYN,NY

Narla, V
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
BROOKLYN HOSP CTR,DEPT INTERNAL MED,DIV CARDIOL,ECHOCARDIOG LAB,BROOKLYN,NY BROOKLYN HOSP CTR,DEPT INTERNAL MED,DIV CARDIOL,ECHOCARDIOG LAB,BROOKLYN,NY

Ong, K
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
BROOKLYN HOSP CTR,DEPT INTERNAL MED,DIV CARDIOL,ECHOCARDIOG LAB,BROOKLYN,NY BROOKLYN HOSP CTR,DEPT INTERNAL MED,DIV CARDIOL,ECHOCARDIOG LAB,BROOKLYN,NY
[8]
Non-coronary abnormalities of the left heart: CT angiography findings
[J].
Ozturk, Ersin
;
Kafadar, Cahit
;
Tutar, Suleyman
;
Bozlar, Ugur
;
Hagspiel, Klaus D.
.
ANATOLIAN JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY,
2016, 16 (09)
:720-727

Ozturk, Ersin
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
GATA Haydarpasa Teaching Hosp, Dept Radiol, Istanbul, Turkey GATA Haydarpasa Teaching Hosp, Dept Radiol, Istanbul, Turkey

Kafadar, Cahit
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
GATA Haydarpasa Teaching Hosp, Dept Radiol, Istanbul, Turkey GATA Haydarpasa Teaching Hosp, Dept Radiol, Istanbul, Turkey

Tutar, Suleyman
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
GATA Haydarpasa Teaching Hosp, Dept Radiol, Istanbul, Turkey GATA Haydarpasa Teaching Hosp, Dept Radiol, Istanbul, Turkey

Bozlar, Ugur
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
GATA, Dept Radiol, Ankara, Turkey GATA Haydarpasa Teaching Hosp, Dept Radiol, Istanbul, Turkey

Hagspiel, Klaus D.
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Virginia Hlth Syst, Dept Radiol & Med Imaging, Charlottesville, VA USA GATA Haydarpasa Teaching Hosp, Dept Radiol, Istanbul, Turkey
[9]
Review of multi-modality imaging update and diagnostic work up of Takotsubo cardiomyopathy
[J].
Priya, Sarv
;
Nagpal, Prashant
;
Aggarwal, Tanya
;
Huynh, James
;
Khandelwal, Kanika
;
Khandelwal, Ashish
.
CLINICAL IMAGING,
2021, 80
:334-347

Priya, Sarv
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Iowa, Carver Coll Med, Dept Radiol, 200 Hawkins Dr, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA Univ Iowa, Carver Coll Med, Dept Radiol, 200 Hawkins Dr, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA

Nagpal, Prashant
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Iowa, Carver Coll Med, Dept Radiol, 200 Hawkins Dr, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA Univ Iowa, Carver Coll Med, Dept Radiol, 200 Hawkins Dr, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA

Aggarwal, Tanya
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Iowa, Carver Coll Med, Dept Family Med, Iowa City, IA USA Univ Iowa, Carver Coll Med, Dept Radiol, 200 Hawkins Dr, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA

Huynh, James
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Calgary, Foothills Med Ctr, Div Cardiothorac Imaging, Calgary, AB, Canada Univ Iowa, Carver Coll Med, Dept Radiol, 200 Hawkins Dr, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA

Khandelwal, Kanika
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Mayo Clin Hlth Syst, Hosp Internal Med, Dept Internal Med, Austin, MN USA Univ Iowa, Carver Coll Med, Dept Radiol, 200 Hawkins Dr, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA

Khandelwal, Ashish
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Mayo Clin, Dept Radiol, Rochester, MN USA Univ Iowa, Carver Coll Med, Dept Radiol, 200 Hawkins Dr, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA
[10]
Cardiac MR Findings and Potential Diagnostic Pitfalls in Patients Evaluated for Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy
[J].
Rastegar, Neda
;
Burt, Jeremy R.
;
Corona-Villalobos, Celia P.
;
te Riele, Anneline S.
;
James, Cynthia A.
;
Murray, Brittney
;
Calkins, Hugh
;
Tandri, Harikrishna
;
Bluemke, David A.
;
Zimmerman, Stefan L.
;
Kamel, Ihab R.
.
RADIOGRAPHICS,
2014, 34 (06)
:1553-1570

Rastegar, Neda
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Russell H Morgan Dept Radiol & Radiol Sci, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Russell H Morgan Dept Radiol & Radiol Sci, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA

Burt, Jeremy R.
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Russell H Morgan Dept Radiol & Radiol Sci, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Russell H Morgan Dept Radiol & Radiol Sci, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA

Corona-Villalobos, Celia P.
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Russell H Morgan Dept Radiol & Radiol Sci, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Russell H Morgan Dept Radiol & Radiol Sci, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA

te Riele, Anneline S.
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Med Ctr Utrecht, Div Cardiol, Utrecht, Netherlands Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Russell H Morgan Dept Radiol & Radiol Sci, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA

James, Cynthia A.
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Div Cardiol, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Russell H Morgan Dept Radiol & Radiol Sci, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA

Murray, Brittney
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Div Cardiol, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Russell H Morgan Dept Radiol & Radiol Sci, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA

Calkins, Hugh
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Div Cardiol, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Russell H Morgan Dept Radiol & Radiol Sci, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA

Tandri, Harikrishna
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Div Cardiol, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Russell H Morgan Dept Radiol & Radiol Sci, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA

Bluemke, David A.
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
NIH, Ctr Clin, Dept Radiol & Imaging Sci, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Russell H Morgan Dept Radiol & Radiol Sci, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA

Zimmerman, Stefan L.
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Russell H Morgan Dept Radiol & Radiol Sci, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Russell H Morgan Dept Radiol & Radiol Sci, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA

Kamel, Ihab R.
论文数: 0 引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Russell H Morgan Dept Radiol & Radiol Sci, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Russell H Morgan Dept Radiol & Radiol Sci, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA