Immunogenicity and safety of boosting with a recombinant two-component SARS-CoV-2 vaccine: two randomized, parallel-controlled, phase 2 studies

BackgroundRecombinant protein vaccines are vital for broad protection against SARS-CoV-2 variants. This study assessed ReCOV as a booster in two Phase 2 trials.Research design and methodsStudy-1 involved subjects were randomized (1:1:1) to receive 20 mu g ReCOV, 40 mu g ReCOV, or an inactivated vaccine (COVILO (R)) in the United Arab Emirates. Study-2 participating individuals were randomized (1:1:1) to receive 20 mu g ReCOV (pilot batch, ReCOV HA), 20 mu g ReCOV (commercial batch, ReCOV TC), or 30 mu g BNT162b2 (COMIRNATY (R)) in the Philippines. The primary immunogenicity objectives was to compare the geometric mean titer (GMT) and seroconversion rate (SCR) of neutralizing antibodies induced by one ReCOV booster dose with those of inactivated vaccine and BNT162b2, respectively, at 14 days post-booster.ResultsHeterologous ReCOV booster doses were safe and induced comparable immune responses to inactivated vaccines and BNT162b2 against Omicron variants and the prototype. They showed significant advantages in cross-neutralization against multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants, surpassing inactivated vaccines and BNT162b2, with good immune persistence.ConclusionsHeterologous ReCOV boosting was safe and effective, showing promise in combating COVID-19. The study highlights ReCOV's potential for enhanced protection, supported by strong cross-neutralization and immune persistence.Clinical Trial RegistrationStudy-1, www.clinicaltrials.gov, identifier is NCT05323435; Study-2, www.clinicaltrials.gov, identifier is NCT05084989.