Carbon Dioxide and Methane Distribution in Peat Deposits of an Oligotrophic Forest Bog and Their Emission in Western Siberia

Swamps and wetlands in forested areas, as well as nonforest swamps, are collectively involved in the global carbon cycle. They play an important role in depositing greenhouse gases. This article analyzes the long-term dynamics of concentration of greenhouse gases (CO2 and CH4) in a peat deposit and their emission in a natural and reclaimed oligotrophic bog in the southern taiga zone of Western Siberia. It is shown that a significant role in the dynamics of CO2 and CH4 concentration in peat deposits is played by weather conditions in each month of the warm period, as well as by the botanical composition, the activity of biochemical processes, and the structure and physical and mechanical properties of peat deposits. We have also identified the intradeposit spatial and temporal dynamics of indices of greenhouse gas concentrations. It has been proven that there are multicomponent dependences of CO2 and CH4 concentrations on parameters of external and intradeposit conditions. Parameters of concentrations in the peat deposit of the oligotrophic bog from the swampy catchment basin of the Klyuch River have been determined as follows: extreme concentrations of CO2 were 0.002-3.64 mmol/dm3 and extreme concentrations of CH4 were 0.003-2.03 mmol/dm3; normalized CO2 fluxes varied from /-22.2/ to 157.8 mg C/(m2 h), the extreme values of normalized CH4 fluxes were /-3.0/-5.3 mg C/(m2 h), CO2 fluxes for the warm period were 20-110 g C/(m2 year), and CH4 fluxes for the warm period were 0.8-3.7 C/(m2 year). A slight increase in the activity of normalized CO2 fluxes has been recorded at the forest reclamation site compared to a natural swamp, while the concentrations of greenhouse gases in the peat deposit have proven to be comparable in both cases. It is shown that the absence of an operating drainage system leads to rebogging. The vast areas of swamps on the West Siberian Plain and the aggressive pattern of bogging implies moderate and selective forest reclamation for its taiga zone.