A stacked record of relative palaeointensity for past 500 ka from western equatorial Indian Ocean sediments

Relative palaeointensity (RPI) records can reflect the evolution of the Earth's axial dipole field and provide a suitable template for global stratigraphic correlation. Current RPI records are primarily obtained from the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, particularly in the mid-latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere. Fewer RPI records originate from the Indian Ocean, particularly in low latitude areas, which limits sediment dating and geomagnetic evolution studies in these regions. In this study, we conduct a palaeomagnetic study on four sediment cores recovered from the western equatorial Indian Ocean (WEIO) to establish a new regional RPI stack from the past 500 ka for the global coverage of palaeointensity data, as well as a regional reference for palaeointensity-assisted stratigraphy. To estimate the RPI, the isothermal remanent magnetization is used as a normalizer. A chronological framework is constructed by correlating RPI records and environmental magnetic parameters (anhysteretic remanent magnetizationsaturation/isothermal remanent magnetization, ARM/SIRM) with PISO-1500 and LR04 delta O-18 curves, respectively. Our RPI stacked curve (WEIO-500) varies according to global and other regional high-resolution records. The five lows in the obtained RPI curve can be correlated with previously reported excursions. In addition, the mean inclination direction of each core is similar to the expected hypothetical geocentric axial dipole direction, with a negative inclination anomaly (mean Delta I) of -2.18 degrees to -4.86 degrees. The low mean Delta I and its reproducibility reflect the reliability of our chronological framework and stacked curve, thereby providing a new reference for correlating and calibrating RPI records from WEIO as well as other equatorial areas.