Prevelance of Common Aeroallergens in Allergic Rhinitis and its Correlation with Bronchial Asthma: A Study on 798 Patients by Skin Prick Test

Allergic rhinitis affects 30% of the Indian population (Dey et al. in Int Arch Allergy Immunol 178:60-65, 2019). Patients can be sensitive to single or multiple allergens. Polysensitization is more common (Bousquet et al. in Ann Epidemiol 20:797-803, 2010; Arbes et al. in J Allergy Clin Immunol 116:377-383, 2005). Sensitization to multiple allergens may have a role in the severity and the association of Asthma in such patients. A total of 798 patients with allergic rhinitis (SFAR >= 7) were included. Disease severity and associated symptoms were evaluated using questionnaire. Each patient underwent a Skin prick test with an allergen panel of 35 allergens each (Annesi-Maesano et al. in Allergy 57:107-114, 2002) and the results were evaluated to study the association of asthma and severity of Allergic rhinitis. Data consisting of 389 (48.7%) males and 409 (51.3%) females were assessed. A total of 82.2% of the study population of symptomatic patients were sensitized to at least one of the allergens. Seventy patients (8.78%) had associated asthma. Forty-four patients were polysensitized and fifteen were mono sensitized. Among polysensitized patients, 36 patients had sensitization to at least 6 different allergens. Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus was the most common allergen among asthma patients. This study provides a thorough knowledge of locally prevalent aeroallergens which is essential for the prompt diagnosis and treatment of allergic patients. Skin prick test can be a non-invasive vital tool in analyzing patterns of allergen exposure, the prevalence of allergen, sensitizing potential of different allergens in that specific geographic area.