One Health studies that adopt a formal modelling approach: A scoping review

Background: While the One Health perspective provides a useful approach by which to influence the complex interactions that pose a risk to the individual and collective health of humans, animals, and the environment, approaches to its operationalization can be enhanced. Aim: This study examines models as contributors toward operationalization of One Health. It describes how modelling approaches have been applied to resolve the complexity of One Health problems. Methods: A scoping literature review is based on the PRISMA-Scr approach. The literature is mapped from a One Health (area of application) as well as from a modelling (model type, modelling trends, unit of analysis, level of abstraction) perspective. Results: 24 articles were identified that address a spectrum from strategic to tactical and operational consider-ations in One Health, with the bulk of the work slanted towards the former two aspects. Models focus on sup-porting high-level decision-makers on disease management strategies, investments, and resource allocation, and were developed with involvement of a broad set of stakeholders in One Health. Evidence could be found of the use of the major categories of simulation models, namely, systems dynamic models, agent-based models, and discrete-event models. Conclusion: The identified models are used to address different levels of complexity and decision-making, as such pointing towards the potential for integrating different modelling approaches in informing One Health decision-making in practical contexts.