Environmental availability of trace metals in a fired brick elaborated from a marine dredged sediment

Each year, hundreds of millions of tons of sediments are dredged around the world. Alternatively to sea or land disposal, the reuse of these sediments as raw material in various civil engineering applications is developing. In this context, the French SEDIBRIC project (valorisation de SEDIments en BRIQues et tuiles) aims to replace, in the preparation of clay-fired bricks, a part of natural clays by harbor dredged sediments. The present study focuses on the fate of some potentially toxic elements (Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn) that are initially present in the sediments. A fired brick is elaborated exclusively from one dredged sediment, after a desalination step. The total content of each element of interest is evaluated by ICP-AES, after a microwave-assisted acid (aqua regia) digestion, in the raw sediment and in the brick. Then, single extractions (H2O, HCl, or EDTA as reactant) and one sequential extraction procedure (according to Leleyter and Probst, Int J Environ Anal Chem 73(2): 109-128 1999) are applied to the raw sediment and to the brick, in order to assess the environmental availability of the elements of interest. For Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn, the results obtained with the various extractions procedures applied are consistent and confirm that the firing process induces their stabilization in the brick. The availability however increases for Cr and remains unchanged for Cd.