Democratic Peace and Covert Military Force: An Experimental Test

被引:8
作者
Carnegie, Allison [1 ]
Kertzer, Joshua D. [2 ]
Yarhi-Milo, Keren [1 ]
机构
[1] Columbia Univ, Dept Polit Sci, New York, NY 10025 USA
[2] Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA
关键词
democratic peace; survey experiment; liberal peace; militarized interstate disputes; WAR; INTERVENTION; SUPPORT; DECISIONS; SECURITY; SECRECY; STATES; LOGIC; COST; US;
D O I
10.1177/00220027221116289
中图分类号
D81 [国际关系];
学科分类号
030207 ;
摘要
How should we reconcile covert war with normative theories of the democratic peace? Proponents argue that these interventions are consistent with democratic peace theory, as leaders intervene covertly to escape backlash by a public that has internalized liberal norms. Yet we know little about public opinion regarding the covert use of force. Using a survey experiment, we find that respondents are more favorable towards covert interventions against democratic targets than our theories assume, and that even citizens who value transparency the most still wrestle with a trade-off between their normative commitments and the instrumental benefits they perceive covert actions to hold. Our results thus help to explain why American leaders have repeatedly chosen to conduct covert military operations against fellow democracies, and raise important questions about the scope conditions of normative theories of the democratic peace.
引用
收藏
页码:235 / 265
页数:31
相关论文
共 50 条
[41]   DEMOCRATIC PEACE AND ELECTORAL ACCOUNTABILITY [J].
Conconi, Paola ;
Sahuguet, Nicolas ;
Zanardi, Maurizio .
JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN ECONOMIC ASSOCIATION, 2014, 12 (04) :997-1028
[42]   The Limited Scope of the Democratic Peace: What We Are Missing [J].
Owsiak, Andrew P. ;
Vasquez, John A. .
INTERNATIONAL STUDIES PERSPECTIVES, 2022, 23 (02) :169-190
[43]   No sympathy for the devil: Emotions and the social construction of the democratic peace [J].
Koschut, Simon .
COOPERATION AND CONFLICT, 2018, 53 (03) :320-338
[44]   Democratic Peace or Hegemonic Stability? The Imia/Kardak Case [J].
Bayar, Murat ;
Kotelis, Andreas .
TURKISH STUDIES, 2014, 15 (02) :242-257
[45]   The Operationalization of Democracy and the Strength of the Democratic Peace: A Test of the Relative Utility of Scalar and Dichotomous Measures [J].
Bayer, Resat ;
Bernhard, Michael .
CONFLICT MANAGEMENT AND PEACE SCIENCE, 2010, 27 (01) :85-101
[46]   Robustness of Empirical Evidence for the Democratic Peace: A Nonparametric Sensitivity Analysis [J].
Imai, Kosuke ;
Lo, James .
INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION, 2021, 75 (03) :901-919
[47]   The democratic peace research program and system-level analysis [J].
Harrison, Ewan .
JOURNAL OF PEACE RESEARCH, 2010, 47 (02) :155-165
[48]   Democratic peace: Does ethnic inclusiveness reduce interstate conflict? [J].
Choi, Seung-Whan ;
Noll, Henry .
INTERNATIONAL POLITICAL SCIENCE REVIEW, 2021, 42 (02) :179-196
[49]   Just war, democracy, democratic peace [J].
Evans, Mark .
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF POLITICAL THEORY, 2012, 11 (02) :191-208
[50]   The ‘knowledge politics’ of democratic peace theory [J].
Inderjeet Parmar .
International Politics, 2013, 50 :231-256