Application of Satellite-Derived Summer Bloom Indicators for Estonian Coastal Waters of the Baltic Sea

被引:2
作者
Rahn, Ian-Andreas [1 ]
Kangro, Kersti [1 ,2 ]
Jaanus, Andres [3 ]
Alikas, Krista [1 ]
机构
[1] Univ Tartu, Tartu Observ, Observ 1, EE-61602 Toravere, Estonia
[2] Estonian Univ Life Sci, Ctr Limnol, Limnolo Tee 1, EE-61117 Vehendi Kula, Estonia
[3] Univ Tartu, Estonian Marine Inst, Maealuse 14, EE-12618 Tallinn, Estonia
来源
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL | 2023年 / 13卷 / 18期
关键词
Baltic Sea; OLCI; cyanobacteria bloom indices; marine strategy framework directive; MSFD; environmental status; CYANOBACTERIAL BLOOMS; ATMOSPHERIC CORRECTION; CHLOROPHYLL; EUTROPHICATION; ENVIRONMENT; FREQUENCY; EVENTS; LAKES;
D O I
10.3390/app131810211
中图分类号
O6 [化学];
学科分类号
0703 ;
摘要
The aim of this study was to test and develop the indicators for the remote sensing assessment of cyanobacterial blooms as an input to the estimation of eutrophication and the environmental status (ES) under the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) in the optically varying Estonian coastal regions (the Baltic Sea). Here, the assessment of cyanobacteria blooms considered the chlorophyll-a (chl-a), turbidity, and biomass of N2-fixing cyanobacteria. The Sentinel-3 A/B Ocean and Land Colour Instrument (OLCI) data and Case-2 Regional CoastColour (C2RCC) processor were used for chl-a and turbidity detection. The ES was assessed using four methods: the Phytoplankton Intensity Index (PII), the Cyanobacterial Surface Accumulations Index (CSA), and two variants of the Cyanobacterial Bloom Indicator (CyaBI) either with in situ-measured cyanobacterial biomass or with satellite-estimated cyanobacterial biomass. The threshold values for each coastal area ES assessment are presented. During 2022, the NW Gulf of Riga reached good ES, but most of the 16 coastal areas failed to achieve good ES according to one or multiple indices. Overall, the CyaBI gives the most comprehensive assessment of cyanobacteria blooms, with the CyaBI (in situ) being the best suited for naturally turbid areas. The CyaBI (satellite) could be more useful than in situ in large open areas, where the coverage of in situ sampling is insufficient.
引用
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页数:25
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