The Effect of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles of Acalypha wilkesiana Ethyl Acetate Extract on Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma Cells

Background Nanoparticles' precise targeting properties are becoming increasingly important in treating cancer and starting to outweigh cancer therapies. Methods The in vivo anticancer activity of ethyl acetate iron oxide nanoparticles (NPS EAE) of Acalypha wilkesiana Mull. Mosaica was tested using Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells (EAC). Results The value of the median lethal dose LD50 limit was found to be 3000 mg/kg. The value count of EAC cells was significantly decreased to 150 & PLUSMN; 2.01 (10(6)) and 275 & PLUSMN; 2.01 (10(6)) cells for each preventive and therapeutic group related to the positive group (525 & PLUSMN; 4.3 (10(6)) cell. Moreover, the results of biological markers decrease in alanine amino transferase activity (ALT), aspartate amino transferase activity (AST), creatinine (CREAT), UREA, albumin, globulin, and total protein level according to the confident group by restoring the abnormal dissimilarity in the biomedical parameters to normal values. Ethyl acetate nano particles induced apoptosis in hepatic and kidney cells. This was designated by increasing the apoptosis regulator Bcl-2 associated X (BAX) level and significantly reducing antiapoptotic assay B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) level as an antiapoptotic marker. In the apoptotic marker BAX, there was a significant rise in therapeutic activity with a change of 273.87% and a significant increase in the preventive group with a change of 144.69% according to the positive group. However, in the antiapoptotic marker, Bcl-2 highly decreases in the therapeutic group and preventive group with changes -83.20% and -87.82% according to the positive group, which has a highly significant increase with a change of 5855%. Conclusion Histopathology tests showed anticancer activity against (EAC) in both the preventive group and therapeutic group, especially in the preventive group in kidney organs showed no pathology with normal glomeruli and normal tubules, it also showed in liver foci of lobular inflammation with mild development of a portal tract accompanied by inflammation, but in the therapeutic group showed less activity than the preventive group as in the kidney many tubules displayed appearances of slight tubular injury with mild acute tubular injury and in the liver, the therapeutic group becomes a more effective representation in normal liver architecture, with no detected lobular or portal inflammation or confluent necrosis. So the preventive group was considered as protecting agent for the kidney organ. However, the therapeutic group is supposed to be the treatment agent for the liver organ. This is due to the fact that it has a defensive effect rather than a curative effect. There is a possibility that it is a favorable anticancer agent. Green synthesis of Fe3O4- NPS was successfully done using plant extract acting as a reducing, stabilizing, and capping agent.