Effects of contingent and noncontingent reinforcement on the emotional behavior of domestic dogs (Canis familiaris)

被引:3
作者
Pfaller-Sadovsky, Nicole [1 ,5 ]
Arnott, Gareth [1 ]
Cifuentes, Julian [2 ]
Medina, Lucia G. [3 ]
Velasquez, Julian C. [4 ]
Zamora, David [4 ]
Duarte, Karen [4 ]
Mayorga, Daniela [4 ]
Hurtado-Parrado, Camilo [2 ]
机构
[1] Queens Univ Belfast, Sch Biol Sci, Belfast, North Ireland
[2] Southern Illinois Univ, Sch Psychol & Behav Sci, Carbondale, IL USA
[3] Univ Missouri, Dept Educ Sch & Counseling Psychol, Columbia, MO USA
[4] Fdn Univ Konrad Lorenz, Dept Psychol, Bogota, Colombia
[5] Neunkirchnerstr 120, A-2734 Puchberg Am Schneeberg, Austria
关键词
Schedules of reinforcement; Noncontingent reinforcement; Companion dogs; Emotional behavior; Frustration; SINGLE-CASE RESEARCH; TRAINING METHODS; EFFECT SIZE; EXTINCTION; CONCURRENT; DISCRIMINATION; APPEASEMENT; PERSISTENCE; OUTCOMES; SIGNALS;
D O I
10.1016/j.jveb.2023.07.002
中图分类号
B84 [心理学]; C [社会科学总论]; Q98 [人类学];
学科分类号
03 ; 0303 ; 030303 ; 04 ; 0402 ;
摘要
Intermittent schedules of reinforcement are frequently used in dog training. During fixed-time (FT) schedules, reinforcement delivery is time-based and response-independent. In contrast, during fixed-interval (FI) schedules, a response produces a reinforcer if a certain amount of time has elapsed since the last reinforcer was delivered (i.e., FI schedules are time-based and response-dependent). FT schedules are typically used in noncontingent-reinforcement interventions with the aim of decreasing an undesired behavior. Although the effectiveness of these interventions has been reliably shown with human and nonhuman animal learners, little is known about the emotional behavior that is related to these contingencies. In the present study, the target behavior (stepping on a mat) of six dogs was initially trained (shaped) and maintained on a FI 15s schedule. In addition, dogs were exposed to a FT 15s schedule, a combination of FT 15s and FI 15s schedules, and an extinction-only condition (no reinforcement was de-livered for the target response). We found that rates of emotional responses (e.g., lip/nose licking, vocalizing) varied in prevalence across dogs and phases. Although lip/nose licking was displayed in high rates across all dogs and phases, it was generally lower in baseline and extinction phases. This suggests that these phases produced less frustration-related behavior. The effect-size calculations for dogs engaging in pacing, sneezing, and vocalizing underscored the varied prevalence of the behaviors across phases and dogs and yielded mostly small-to medium-size effects. These results are especially relevant for the training of companion and working dogs and their well-being during training sessions. Future research should continue investigating emotional behavior in dogs across various schedules of reinforcement (e.g., variable schedules).(c) 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
引用
收藏
页码:33 / 42
页数:10
相关论文
共 68 条
  • [2] Amsel A., 1992, FRUSTRATION THEORY
  • [3] [Anonymous], 1993, Strategies and tactics of behavioral research
  • [4] Revisiting a Previously Validated Temperament Test in Shelter Dogs, Including an Examination of the Use of Fake Model Dogs to Assess Conspecific Sociability
    Barnard, Shanis
    Kennedy, Danielle
    Watson, Reuben
    Valsecchi, Paola
    Arnott, Gareth
    [J]. ANIMALS, 2019, 9 (10):
  • [5] Autocorrelation and estimates of treatment effect size for single-case experimental design data
    Barnard-Brak, Lucy
    Watkins, Laci
    Richman, David M.
    [J]. BEHAVIORAL INTERVENTIONS, 2021, 36 (03) : 595 - 605
  • [6] Extinction as discrimination: The molar view
    Baum, William M.
    [J]. BEHAVIOURAL PROCESSES, 2012, 90 (01) : 101 - 110
  • [7] Effect of reinforcement, reinforcer omission and extinction on a communicative response in domestic dogs (Canis familiaris)
    Bentosela, Mariana
    Barrera, Gabriela
    Jakovcevic, Adriana
    Elgier, Angel M.
    Mustaca, Alba E.
    [J]. BEHAVIOURAL PROCESSES, 2008, 78 (03) : 464 - 469
  • [8] Evaluating the accuracy of facial expressions as emotion indicators across contexts in dogs
    Bremhorst, A.
    Mills, D. S.
    Wuerbel, H.
    Riemer, S.
    [J]. ANIMAL COGNITION, 2022, 25 (01) : 121 - 136
  • [9] Differences in facial expressions during positive anticipation and frustration in dogs awaiting a reward
    Bremhorst, Annika
    Sutter, Nicole A.
    Wurbel, Hanno
    Mills, Daniel S.
    Riemer, Stefanie
    [J]. SCIENTIFIC REPORTS, 2019, 9 (1)
  • [10] Broom D. M., 1993, Stress and animal welfare.