In vitro remineralization assessment of enamel subsurface lesions using different percentages of surface reaction-type pre-reacted glass-ionomer containing gum-based material

Objective: To identify the remineralization activity of enamel subsurface lesions using different percentages of surface pre-reacted glass-ionomer (S-PRG) filler containing gum-base material.Methods: Gum extracts from gum-base materials containing 0wt%, 5wt%, and 10wt% S-PRG filler were prepared as GE0, GE5, and GE10, respectively. A total of 50 bovine enamel specimens were used, and the polished enamel surface of a 3 x 3 mm2 window area was exposed. The specimens were then subjected to a demineralization solution for seven days to create a subsurface enamel lesion. Remineralization was then conducted for seven days using a protocol whereby the specimens were immersed three times a day in prepared gum extracts (0wt%, 5wt %, and 10wt%) and artificial saliva of pH 7 (Control) for 20 min at 37 degrees C. Thereafter, remineralization assessment was performed by using Swept Source Optical Coherence Tomography (SS-OCT) and micro-computed tomography (& mu;CT). Surface morphology and elemental analysis were conducted by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS).Results: The depths of the demineralized lesions in the GE5 and GE10 groups were significantly lower than those of the Control and the GE0 groups. SEM observations of the enamel surface morphology of the GE5 and GE10 groups indicated remineralization with S-PRG filler-related elements present.Conclusion: The GE5 and GE10 S-PRG filler containing gum-base materials showed significantly improved surface remineralization and reduced demineralization of the enamel lesions. EDS analysis suggested that the released ions from the S-PRG filler might be responsible for surface remineralization.Clinical significance: The S-PRG filler containing gum-base material may have a significant remineralization effect and improve the surface morphology of enamel subsurface lesions.