Dynamic Rupture of the 2021 MW 7.4 Maduo Earthquake: An Intra-Block Event Controlled by Fault Geometry

The 2021 M-W 7.4 Maduo event occurred within the Bayan Har block in eastern Tibet, which provides an opportunity to investigate the stress conditions and rheology of faults within the block. Here, we perform dynamic rupture simulations based on the finite element method to explore the physical conditions underlying this earthquake and the factors that controlled the rupture process. We construct the model with a nonplanar fault inferred from the Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) data and aftershocks sequence relocation. Our dynamic model is controlled by slip-weakening friction law with initial stress on fault resolved from a uniform regional stress field. The preferred model produces an average slip of similar to 2.2 m with a maximum slip of similar to 4.0 m. There are three asperities distributed along the strike, which have captured the main features of the Maduo event. The simulation results are consistent with the static GPS coseismic surface displacements, InSAR data, and displacement waveforms recorded by high-rate GNSS stations. By comparing the results with the planar fault model and rotated stress fields, we find that the fault geometry and regional stress field are the primary factors that control the rupture process of the event. Moreover, we infer that the unfavorable orientation and fault bend lead to minor slips on the branch fault. Furthermore, we investigate the potential mechanisms of supershear rupture on the eastern fault segment.