Simultaneous standard total joint prosthesis reconstruction with SSRO and Le Fort I osteotomy in the treatment of unilateral temporomandibular joint ankylosis with jaw deformity: a case cohort study

Objective Unilateral temporomandibular joint ankylosis with jaw deformity (UTMJAJD) may require simultaneous total joint prosthesis (TJP) reconstruction, sagittal split ramus (SSRO), and Le Fort I osteotomies. The purpose of this study was to evaluate outcomes in patients treated with these procedures. Methods Patients diagnosed UTMJAJD between 2016 and 2018 were selected for the study. Mandible-first procedure was performed after ankylosis release with TJP on the ankylosed side and SSRO on the contralateral side. Le Fort I osteotomy with and without genioplasty was lastly performed. Maximal incisor opening (MIO), facial symmetry, and jaw and condyle stability were compared before, after operation, and during follow-ups. Results Seven patients were included in the study. Their average chin deviation was 9.5 +/- 4.2 mm, and maxillary cant was 5.1 +/- 3.0 degrees. After operation, jaw deformity significantly improved, with chin deviation corrected 7.6 +/- 4.1 mm (p = 0.015) and advanced 5.9 +/- 2.5 mm (p = 0.006). After an average follow-up of 26.6 +/- 17.1 months, MIO significantly increased from 11.4 +/- 9.3 to 35.7 +/- 2.6 mm (p = 0.000). The occlusion was stable with no significant positional or rotational changes of the jaw (p > 0.05). There was no obvious condylar resorption during follow-ups. Conclusion Simultaneous TJP reconstruction, SSRO, and Le Fort I osteotomy are reliable and effective methods for the treatment of UTMJAJD.