Semiquantitative and visual detection of ferric ions in real samples using a fluorescent paper-based analytical device constructed with green emitting carbon dots

A simple and portable paper-based analytical device was developed for visual and semiquantitative detection of ferric ion in real samples using green emitting carbon dots (CDs), which were prepared via microwave method using sodium citrate, urea and sodium hydroxide as raw materials and then loaded on the surface of paper substrate. When Fe3+ exists, the green fluorescence of CDs was quenched and significant color change from green to dark blue were observed, resulting the visual detection of Fe3+ with a minimum distinguishable concentration of 100 mu M. By analyzing the intensity changes of green channels of test paper with the help of smartphone, the semiquantitative detection was realized within the range of 100 mu M to 1200 mu M. The proposed paper-based analytical devices have great application prospects in on site detection of Fe3+ in real samples. A simple and portable paper-based analytical device based on green emitting carbon dots was developed for visual and semiquantitative detection of ferric ion in real water samples.