Ectopic pituitary adenoma with empty sella: A case report

Ectopic pituitary adenoma is a condition characterized by the presence of an adenoma originating from extra-sellar pituitary cell residue from the migration of Rathke's pouch. First described in 1909, ectopic pituitary adenoma is a very rare, largely unknown condition with a challenging diagnosis, that requires proving the absence of communication between the extra-sellar mass and the normal pituitary gland (or any of the intra-sellar contents). Here, we describe the case of a 38-year-old female who presented with symptomatic hyperprolactinemia in whom magnetic resonance imaging revealed a space-occupying mass in the sphenoid sinus with an empty sella turcica. Clinical information coupled with magnetic resonance imaging findings raised suspicion for the diagnosis, which was later confirmed through surgery (showing the absence of a breach in the sellar floor dura), and histology. Given the rarity of such cases, management is not standardized; however, most patients reported in the literature, as in our case, have undergone surgical treatment. This case report aims to provide an additional example to the existing literature on this rare condition, especially when it is associated with an empty sella turcica.