Management of Drug Therapy before and after Non-cardiac Interventions

Preoperative risk reduction in patients with cardiovascular diseases is of paramount importance to ensure safe surgical outcomes and minimize perioperative complications. Patients with preexisting cardiovascular conditions face an increased risk of adverse events during and after surgery, including thromboembolic events e.g. myocardial infarction, bleeding complications, arrhythmias, and heart failure. Optimization of modifiable risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and smoking cessation forms the cornerstone of preoperative risk reduction. The judicious use of pharmacological interventions, such as beta-blockers, statins, and antiplatelet agents, is explored in the context of balancing potential benefits against associated risks. In conclusion, a patient-tailored, evidence-based approach that addresses cardiovascular risk factors and optimizes medical management forms the cornerstone of preoperative care, ultimately enhancing surgical outcomes and patients prognosis.