Metallic Particles-Induced Surface Reconstruction Enabling Highly Durable Zinc Metal Anode

Aqueous zinc batteries usher in a renaissance due to their intrinsic security and cost effectiveness, bespeaking vast application foreground for large-scale energy storage system. However, uncontrolled dendrite growth along with hydrogen evolution severely restricts its reversibility and stability for practical application. Herein, the surface of Zn metal is reconstructed with metallic particles (In, Sn, In0.2Sn0.8) to diminish surface defects and regulate Zn deposition behavior. The alloyed In-Sn greatly activates the Zn surface for lower Zn adsorption energy barrier to expedite plating kinetics and confine Zn aggregation. Dense and uniform deposition of Zn on the reconstructed surface significantly prevents the Zn substrate from dendrites growth for catastrophic damage. Meanwhile, alloy layer embodies high hydrogen evolution overpotential, ensuring high plating and stripping efficiency for Zn anode. Consequently, In0.2Sn0.8 reconstructed surface realizes long-term lifespan up to 1800 h with low polarization (12 mV) at the condition of 1 mA cm(-2) and 1 mAh cm(-2). When paired with sodium vanadate (NVO) cathode, the full cell steady operates for a high-capacity retention of 94.0% after 5000 cycles at 5 A g(-1). This study provides new insights into the surface-defects dependent Zn deposition process and offers a guide for constructing stable surface for dendrite-free Zn growth.