Breeding for root-knot nematode resistance in fruiting Solanaceous vegetable crops: a review

Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) are the major group of plant parasitic nematodes impeding the cultivation of fruiting Solanaceous vegetable crops i.e., tomato, pepper, and eggplant worldwide. In the last two decades, significant progress has been achieved in the development of management strategies, however, the management of root-knot nematodes is still a serious concern due to their wide diversity of species and host range. Host plant resistance is the most viable and eco-friendly strategy. The knowledge of the available genetic resources of the cultivated and their related wild species with resistance to root-knot nematodes, gene action, and available molecular markers associated with resistance is crucial for breeding resistant/tolerant varieties/hybrids. With advances in next-generation sequencing technologies, fine mapping and the development of precise markers will aid in accelerated marker-assisted breeding. Recently grafting, which explores resistant rootstocks for managing root-knot nematodes has also been shown to be highly promising in Solanaceous vegetable crops. The current review highlights the present understanding of root-knot nematodes, resistant genetic resources, breeding of rootstocks, and advancements made in traditional and marker-assisted breeding for root-knot nematode resistance in tomato, pepper, and eggplant globally.