A rational study has been made to describe the behavior of anisotropic granular materials by a hypoplastic constitutive equation. The concept of the microstructure tensor in describing the anisotropy has been implemented to develop a general form of a hypoplastic constitutive equation for anisotropic materials. Attempt was made to present all formulations in a rational way with no additional assumption. Both inherent and induced anisotropy have been studied and the evolution of the material internal structure has been rationally defined through an evolutionary function. Since all developments are primarily mathematical, no particular form of a constitutive equation has been assumed. Verifications by some available experimental data reveal the success of the proposed developments outlined in this study.