Incidence and risk factors of in-hospital venous thromboembolism in non-oncological urological inpatients: A single center experience

Objective: To determine incidence and risk factors for venous thromboembolism (VTE) development of in-hospital VTE in urological inpatients who underwent non-oncological surgery in a tertiary hospital in China.Methods: Consecutive 1453 inpatients who were admitted to a non-oncological urological ward in the tertiary hospital from January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2018 were enrolled in the study, and the VTE events were diagnosed by ultrasound or computed tomographic pulmonary angiography. Patients' occurrence of VTE and characteristics which may contribute to the development of VTE were collected and analyzed as incidence and risk factors.Results: The incidence of VTE in non-oncological urological inpatients is 2.3%. In our cohort, pa-tients who experienced previous VTE (adjusted odds ratios [aOR] 14.272, 95% CI 3.620-56.275), tak -ing anticoagulants or antiplatelet agents before admission (aOR 10.181, 95% CI 2.453-42.256), D-dimer (max) >= 1 mg/mL (aOR 22.456, 95% CI 6.468-77.967), lower extremity swelling (aOR 10.264, 95% CI 2.242-46.994), chest symptoms (aOR 79.182, 95% CI 7.132-879.076), operation time of more than or equal to 180 min (aOR 10.690, 95% CI 1.356-84.300), and Caprini score (max) of more than or equal to 5 (aOR 34.241, 95% CI 1.831-640.235) were considered as risk factors for VTE.Conclusion: In this study, we found that the incidence of VTE in non-oncological surgery was about 2.3%, which was higher than some previous studies. Risk factors could be used for early detection and diagnosis of VTE.