Translation of immunomodulatory therapy to treat chronic heart failure: Preclinical studies to first in human

BackgroundInflammation has been associated with progression and complications of chronic heart failure (HF) but no effective therapy has yet been identified to treat this dysregulated immunologic state. The selective cytopheretic device (SCD) provides extracorporeal autologous cell processing to lessen the burden of inflammatory activity of circulating leukocytes of the innate immunologic system. AimThe objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of the SCD as an extracorporeal immunomodulatory device on the immune dysregulated state of HF. HF. Methods and resultsSCD treatment in a canine model of systolic HF or HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) diminished leukocyte inflammatory activity and enhanced cardiac performance as measured by left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction and stroke volume (SV) up to 4 weeks after treatment initiation. Translation of these observations in first in human, proof of concept clinical study was evaluated in a patient with severe HFrEFHFrEF ineligible for cardiac transplantation or LV LV assist device (LVAD) due to renal insufficiency and right ventricular dysfunction. Six hour SCD treatments over 6 consecutive days resulted in selective removal of inflammatory neutrophils and monocytes and reduction in key plasma cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha),), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1. These immunologic changes were associated with significant improvements in cardiac power output, right ventricular stroke work index, cardiac index and LVSV index horizontal ellipsis . Stabilization of renal function with progressive volume removal permitted successful LVAD implantation. ConclusionThis translational research study demonstrates a promising immunomodulatory approach to improve cardiac performance in HFrEFHFrEF and supports the important role of inflammation in the progression of HFHF.