Failure mechanism and static bearing capacity on circular RC members under asymmetrical lateral impact train collision

This paper aims to validate circular reinforcement concrete (RC) members' responses to the effect of an asymmetrical lateral impact span train collision. It was determined that the RC members' failure mechanism and dynamic response characteristics were important. Numerical analyses were conducted on four specimens. The specimen's crack development pattern, failure mode, impact force, and deflection time history curves are verified. Due to the difference in impact velocity, longitudinal reinforcement, and stirrups ratios, shear cracks indicate two types. A finite element (FE) modeling method has been proposed and successfully demonstrated. Using the control variables to study the failure process and mode, which were affected by reinforcement ratio, impact velocity, and slenderness ratio, by analyzing impact response characteristics. It is found that parameters greatly influence shear cracks' type and development range. Simultaneously, the changes in impact velocity and slenderness ratio affect the failure mode of the members. RC members' mechanical properties and failure mechanisms are studied using test and FE analysis. Members' failure modes, bending moment distribution and development, shear forces, reinforcement strain, and energy consumption are also investigated. The development of type I and type II shear cracks is discussed. A method to determine the shear cracks was proposed through regression analysis by supplementing other scholars' test data and combining it with the study test data.