Efficient energy management framework for enhancing the techno-economic-environmental performance of grid-connected microgrids under uncertain conditions

Due to the limited availability of fossil fuels and environmental concerns over greenhouse gas emissions, micro-grid systems (MGSs) have become crucial for integrating a high penetration of renewables. Nonetheless, the complexity of the operation of MGS increases in the actual operating process due to the irregular nature of renewables, electrical loads (load demands), and uncertain market prices. The core aim of this paper is to suggest a bi-objective optimization model for managing energy efficiently in a gridconnected MG while considering the unsteadiness of electrical load demands, market prices, and renewable output powers. Also, the suggested model tries to improve the MG's scheduling while considering the wind turbine, photovoltaic, loads, and market pricing uncertainty. MG operators can develop strategies that balance cost savings with risk management and ensure long-term sustainability by considering the uncertainty of the different generation/demand resources and markets. The suggested optimization model includes two distinct objective functions - minimizing the 24-hour horizon's total projected cost of the grid-connected MG and reducing MG emissions during the considered period. Further, a simultaneous reduction of the overall operating cost and the pollutant emission MG over 24 h is presented. The general algebraic modeling system (GAMS) has been used to solve the presented multi-objective problem. The findings clearly demonstrate the efficacy of the suggested energy management (EM) methodology for improving the techno-economic-environmental performance of grid-connected MGs under uncertain situations. (c) 2023 THE AUTHORS. Published by Elsevier BV on behalf of Faculty of Engineering, Ain Shams University This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-ncnd/4.0/).