Development of continuous solution growth method for growth of large and high-quality perovskite single crystals

Large perovskite single crystals with high quality cannot be obtained by traditional batch-type solution growth techniques, impeding their use in commercial applications. We report on developing a continuous solution growth (CSG) method that enables the growth of large, high-quality perovskite single crystals such as methyl-ammonium lead tribromide (MAPbBr3), as well as triple-cation mixed hybrid. A 40 x 40 x 2 mm3 MAPbBr3 single crystal grown by this method, has a high mobility-lifetime (mu tau) product of 3.3 x 10-3 cm2 center dot V-1 and a low trap density of 8.22 +/- 0.02 x 108 cm-3. Photoconductors (Au-MAPbBr3-Au) with a low dark current density of 3.9nA center dot cm- 2 at 0.83 V center dot mm- 1 exhibit excellent photons detection of both UV-visible and X-ray photons. For UV-visible photons, the responsivity is about 1.5 A center dot W-1 and 1.3 A center dot W-1 to 405 nm and 532 nm photons, respectively; for X-ray sensitivity is up to 2.35 x 105 mu C Gyair- 1 cm-2 and the lowest detection limit is 15.7 nGyair center dot s- 1. High-contrast X-ray images were obtained with a large (40 mm x 40 mm) pixelated detector with 800 mu m x 800 mu m pixels. These results demonstrate that the CSG technique can produce high-quality, large perovskite single crystals for commercial applications, including photodetection and ionization radiation detection.