Occurrence and environmental risk assessment of 22 pesticides in Brazilian freshwaters

被引:16
作者
Brovini, Emilia Marques [1 ]
Quadra, Gabrielle Rabelo [2 ]
Paranaiba, Jose R. [2 ]
Carvalho, Luana [4 ]
Pereira, Renata de Oliveira [3 ]
de Aquino, Sergio Fracisco [1 ]
机构
[1] Univ Fed Ouro Preto, Postgrad Program Environm Engn, BR-35400000 Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
[2] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Radboud Inst Biol & Environm Sci, Dept Aquat Ecol & Environm Biol, Nijmegen, Netherlands
[3] Univ Fed Juiz de Fora, Postgrad Program Civil Engn, BR-36036900 Juiz De Fora, MG, Brazil
[4] Univ Fed Juiz de Fora, Dept Biol Sci, BR-36036900 Juiz De Fora, MG, Brazil
关键词
Aquatic ecosystems; Brazil; Freshwater; Mixture; Water resources; SURFACE-WATER; GLYPHOSATE; MIXTURES; CONTAMINATION; SEDIMENTS; SOIL; HERBICIDES; TOXICITY; RESIDUES; LAKES;
D O I
10.1016/j.aquatox.2023.106566
中图分类号
Q17 [水生生物学];
学科分类号
071004 ;
摘要
Pesticide contamination in water resources is a global threat. Although usually found at low concentrations, pesticides raise considerable toxicological concerns, mainly when mixtures are considered. The occurrence of 22 pesticides (2,4 D, alachlor, aldicarb, aldrin, atrazine, carbendazim, carbofuran, chlordane, chlorpyrifos, DDT, diuron, glyphosate, lindane, mancozeb, methamidophos, metolachlor, molinate, profenofos, simazine, tebuconazole, terbufos, and trifluralin) was investigated, through consolidated database information, in surface freshwaters of Brazil. Moreover, scenarios of environmental risk assessment considering isolated compounds and mixtures were performed, as well as a meta-analytic approach for toxicity purposes. Pesticides in freshwater have been reported from 719 cities (12.9% of Brazilian cities), where 179 (3.2%) showed pesticide occurrence above the limit of detection or quantification. Considering cities with more than five quantified, 16 cities were prone to environmental risks considering individual risks. However, the number increased to 117 cities when the pesticide mixture was considered. The mixture risk was driven by atrazine, chlorpyrifos, and DDT. The national maximum acceptable concentrations (MAC) for nearly all pesticides are higher than the predicted no-effect concentration (PNEC) for the species evaluated, except aldrin. Our results show the need to consider mixtures in the environmental risk assessment to avoid underestimation and review MAC to protect aquatic ecosystems. The results presented here may guide the revision of the national environmental legislation to ensure the protection of Brazilian aquatic ecosystems.
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页数:10
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