Earthquake source parameters estimated from high-rate multi-GNSS data: a case study of the 2022 M6.9 Menyuan earthquake

The epicenter, origin time, and magnitude of the earthquake are critical earthquake source parameters, as they can provide data support for earthquake emergency rescue and earthquake risk research, among others. Here, the high-rate displacement time series of 11 Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) stations during the 2022 Menyuan M6.9 earthquake were acquired using GPS, GPS/GLONASS, and GPS/GLONASS/Galileo observations using the PRIDE PPP-AR software. Our analysis revealed that the root mean squares (RMS) of displacement derived from GPS/GLONASS/Galileo relative to GPS-derived in the north, east, and up components were improved by 23.3, 34.4, and 24.4%, respectively. The epicenter location of the Menyuan earthquake based on GPS/GLONASS/Galileo-derived time series of each station was 101.201 degrees E and 37.791 degrees N, the earthquake origin time was 17:45:23.7 (UTC), and the moment magnitude was 6.62, which were more accurate than the GPS and GPS/GLONASS results. Although there was no significant advantage of calculating the coseismic displacement by multi-day static solution from GPS/GLONASS/Galileo, our results showed that the multi-GNSS combination can improve the stability of time series and reduce noise, and more realistically describe the surface displacement changes during earth-quakes; accuracy of earthquake source parameters estimation, can, therefore, be improved with the use of multi-GNSS data.