Thermal performance of novel ZnFe2O4 and TiO2-doped MWCNT nanocomposites in transformer oil

Efficient heat transfer and optimal dielectric properties are pivotal factors in ensuring the reliability and longevity of transformers, essential components in modern power systems. This study aimed to harness the potential of nanofluids to enhance both heat transfer and dielectric characteristics of transformer oil (TRO), addressing the challenges posed by increasing energy demands. A comprehensive investigation was conducted involving the synthesis of nanofluids with distinct nanoparticle compositions and concentrations. The experimental approach encompassed diverse characterization methods, namely SEM, EDX, zeta potential analysis, DLS, and FT-IR. These techniques were employed to gain insights into the prepared nanofluids' structural, elemental, and thermal properties, facilitating a comprehensive understanding of their behavior. Notably, the incorporation of nanoparticles led to substantial enhancements in thermal conductivity and volumetric-specific heat of the nanofluids. Convective heat transfer coefficients (CHTC) and Nusselt numbers (Nu) were evaluated under forced convection conditions, revealing improvements ranging from 9% to 21%. These findings highlight the potential for nanofluids to significantly enhance heat transfer efficiency, which is crucial for efficient transformer operation. Furthermore, the breakdown voltage (BDV) investigation identified strategies to counter BDV reduction by employing nanoparticles within nanocomposites. This approach aimed to improve the dielectric performance of the nanofluids, a critical aspect of maintaining transformer insulation. These findings bridge the gap between advanced nanotechnology and practical applications in power systems, providing insights into enhancing transformer efficiency and reliability.