Synergistic effects of vegetation and microorganisms on enhancing of biodegradation of landfill gas

The uncontrolled release of landfill gas represents a significant hazard to both human health and ecological wellbeing. However, the synergistic interactions of vegetation and microorganisms can effectively mitigate this threat by removing pollutants. This study provides a comprehensive review of the current status of controlling landfill gas pollution through the process of revegetation in landfill cover. Our survey has identified several common indicator plants such as Setaria oeri, Sarcandra glabra, and Fraxinus chinensis that grow in covered landfill soil. Local herbaceous plants possess stronger tolerance, making them ideal for the establishment of closed landfills. Moreover, numerous studies have demonstrated that cover plants significantly promote methane oxidation, with an average oxidation capacity twice that of bare soil. Furthermore, we have conducted an analysis of the interrelationships among vegetation, landfill gas, landfill cover soil, and microorganisms, thereby providing a detailed understanding of the potential for vegetation restoration in landfill cover. Additionally, we have summarized studies on the rhizosphere effect and have deduced the mechanisms through which plants biodegrade methane and typical non-methane pollutants. Finally, we have suggested future research directions to better control landfill gas using vegetation and microorganisms.