Cohort Differences in PTSD Symptoms and Military Experiences: A Life Course Perspective

被引:2
作者
Kurth, Maria L. [1 ,2 ]
Witzel, Dakota D. [2 ]
Segerstrom, Suzanne C. [1 ,3 ]
Choun, Soyoung [1 ]
Aldwin, Carolyn M. [1 ]
机构
[1] Oregon State Univ, Dept Human Dev & Family Studies, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA
[2] Penn State Univ, Ctr Hlth Aging, University Pk, PA 16801 USA
[3] Univ Kentucky, Dept Psychol, Lexington, KY USA
关键词
Aging veterans; Appraisals of military service; Community-dwelling veterans; Homecoming; POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER; WORLD-WAR-II; COMBAT EXPOSURE; GENDER-DIFFERENCES; SOCIAL SUPPORT; MALE VETERANS; VIETNAM; TRAUMA; RESILIENCE; DEPLOYMENT;
D O I
10.1093/geront/gnad129
中图分类号
R4 [临床医学]; R592 [老年病学];
学科分类号
1002 ; 100203 ; 100602 ;
摘要
Background and Objectives: There have been major changes in military service over the past 50 years. Most research on posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among combat Veterans comes from help-seeking Vietnam and WWII cohorts; results from more recent cohort comparisons are mixed. The present study addressed these gaps by exploring cohort differences among Vietnam, Persian Gulf, and Post-9/11 combat Veterans from a life course perspective.Research Design and Methods: We recruited community-dwelling combat and war zone Veterans (N = 167), primarily from Veterans' associations in Oregon from three cohorts: Vietnam, Persian Gulf, and Post-911. Online surveys assessed current PTSD symptoms, life course (demographics and cohort membership), and experiential variables (combat severity, appraisals of military service, homecoming, and social support).Results: Cohorts were comparable in demographics and war experiences. Step one of a hierarchical regression found that PTSD symptoms were higher among Veterans of color and those with lower incomes, R-2 = 0.37, p < .001. When cohort was added, Vietnam Veterans had higher symptoms than Post-9/11; income and race/ethnicity remained significant, Delta R-2 = 0.01, p = .13. The final model added experiential variables, Delta R-2 = 0.38, p < .001; cohort and income were no longer significant, although Veterans of color still reported higher symptoms. Those with more undesirable service appraisals and who sought social support had higher symptoms, while desirable appraisals were protective.Discussion and Implications: From a life course perspective, the particular war zone that Veterans served in was less important than demographics and both service and postservice experiences, suggesting generalizability of risk and protective factors, as well as treatment modalities, across cohorts.
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页数:9
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