Foam Rolling is not Superior to dynamic Stretching in Augmenting Muscle Strength and Physical Performance Markers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Background. Dynamic stretching (DS) and foam rolling (FR) are frequently being used as warm-up to improve bio-motor ability. The review aimed to compare the acute effects (immediate and five minutes post-intervention) of DS and FR on flexibility, jump height, and muscular strength in the athletic and physically active population.Methods. Electronic databases (Medline/PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, PEDro, and Hooked on evidence databases) were searched to obtain relevant studies. The methodological quality of the studies was assessed with the Physiotherapy evidence database (PEDro) scale. Meta-analysis was performed using the Rev Man 5.3 software to pool outcomes using the random-effects model, standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI), and signifi-cance level set to p < 0.05.Results. 406 papers were found and eight were included (n = 174).There was no significant mean difference between FR and DS on flexibility (immediate) (SMD: 0.15 (95%CI 0.23-0.52); p = 0.45), flexibility (five-minute) (SMD: 0.11 (95%CI-0.26-0.48); p = 0.55), jump height (immediate) (SMD: 0.20 (95%CI 0.12-0.53); p = 0.22), leg extensor strength (immediate) (SMD: 0.28 (95%CI 0.34-0.89); p = 0.37) and leg flex-or strength (immediate) (SMD: 0.69 (95%CI 0.52-1.91); p = 0.26). The dosimetry from the qualitative summarization of studies suggests 2 sets (60 seconds each) of each FR and DS were performed on each muscle of the lower quadrant.Conclusions. FR and DS exert similar magnitude of effect on flexibility, jump height, and muscular strength. The findings could help clinicians plan mode of warm-up for athletes.Study registration. The study was registered in PROSPERO vide n. CRD42021225107.