Examining Whether Genetic Variants Moderate the Skeletal Effects of Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors in Older Adolescents and Young Adults

Objective: To examine whether serotonin (5-HT) related genetic variants moderate the effects of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) on skeletal outcomes.Methods: Trabecular bone mineral density (BMD) at the radius, lumbar spine (LS) BMD, total body less head (TBLH) bone mineral content (BMC) and markers of bone metabolism (osteocalcin, C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen [CTX-1], and bone specific alkaline phosphatase to CTX-1 ratio) were examined in an observational study, enrolling 15- to 20-year-old participants, unmedicated or within a month of SSRI initiation. Variants in HTR1A (rs6295), HTR1B (rs6296), HTR1D (rs6300), HTR2A (rs6311 and rs6314), HTR2B (rs6736017), and the serotonin transporter intron 2 variable number tandem repeat (STin2 VNTR) were genotyped. Linear mixed-effects regression analysis examined associations between SSRI use, genetic variants, and skeletal outcomes.Results: After adjusting for relevant covariates, rs6295 CC and GC genotypes in 262 participants (60% female, mean & PLUSMN; SD age = 18.9 & PLUSMN; 1.6 years) were significantly associated with higher LS BMD compared to the GG genotype. Rs6311 GG SSRI users had greater LS BMD compared to nonusers (& beta; = 0.18, p = <0.0001). Female SSRI users with the combination of rs6295 CC+GC and rs6311 GG genotypes had greater LS BMD than female SSRI nonusers (& beta; = 0.29, p < 0.0001). SSRI users with the rs6295 GG genotype had higher trabecular BMD compared to nonusers (& beta; = 3.60, p = 0.05). No significant interactions were found for TBLH BMC or bone turnover markers. After correcting for multiple comparisons, none of the results retained significance.Conclusions: In older adolescents and young adults, HTR1A (rs6295) and HTR2A (rs6311) variants may moderate the effect of SSRIs on BMD. Sex differences may exist and require further examination. Further research with larger sample sizes is needed to confirm our preliminary findings.