Term and definition of a deformity after a spine trauma: Results of an international Delphi study

Introduction: Deformity of the spinal column after trauma could lead to pain, impaired function, and may sometimes necessitate extensive and high-risk surgery. This 'condition' has multiple terms and definitions that are used in research and clinics. A specific term and definition of this condition however is still lacking. A uniform and internationally accepted term and definition are necessary to compare cases and treatments in the future. Research question: Reach consensus on the term and definition of this deformity after spine trauma using a Delphi approach. Material and methods: An 'all-rounds invitation' Delphi process was used in this study among a group of international experts. The first round consisted of an online survey using input from preparatory studies, a typical clinical case and ICD-11 codes. The second round showed the results in-person and discussion was encouraged. Participants voted for rejection of certain terms. In the third round the final vote took place. When >80 % of the votes was for or against a term the term was rejected or accepted. Results: Response rate was high (>= 84 %). The 3 Delphi rounds were completed. Unanimous voting led to the acceptance of the term and abbreviation as PSD. Deformity in any plane, pain, impaired function, and neurological deficit, were deemed important to include in the definition of PSD. Discussion and conclusion: Unanimous consensus was reached on 'Posttraumatic spinal deformity: Condition where a trauma to the spine results in a deformity in any plane and results in pain and an impaired function with or without a neurological deficit.'