Fusarium Species Associated with Fusarium Head Blight in Hungarian Wheat Fields

The species composition of the genus Fusarium associated with Fusarium head blight (FHB) in wheat fields of Hungary in the year 2019 was assessed. Symptomatic wheat heads were collected at 20 geographical locations representing different ecosystems. A total of 256 Fusarium strains were isolated and identified by partial sequences of the translation elongation factor 1-alpha gene and, where required, the second-largest subunit of the DNA-directed RNA polymerase gene. Overall, Fusarium graminearum (58.2%) proved to be the dominant species, followed by F. annulatum (formerly F. proliferatum) (17.2%) and F. verticillioides (7.4%). The presence of all other species, including F. culmorum, in the population was less than 5%. F. graminearum was identified as the main species associated with FHB at 14 sampling sites. Fumonisin-producing F. annulatum, primarily known as the pathogen of maize in Hungary, was detected nearly as frequently as F. graminearum at three locations and dominated at two other sites. F. poae was not found during the survey. F. vorosii, a species that is believed to be of Asian origin and was already found in Hungary in 2002, was identified at two locations.