Computational investigation of magnetohydrodynamic flow and melting process of phase change material in a battery pack using the lattice Boltzmann method

This study employs the lattice Boltzmann method to investigate the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flow and melting process of phase change material (PCM) in a battery pack. The inclusion of the MHD effect allows for an examination of its impact on PCM melting. We analyze fluid fraction diagrams, isothermal lines, and streamlines to assess how magnetic field strength (Ha number), battery heat generation, and MHD field angle influence PCM melting. The study considers a configuration with two batteries separated by PCM, presenting results for two scenarios: single-battery overheating and dual-battery overheating. Our findings reveal significant MHD-induced effects on flow dynamics and PCM melting, with implications for battery pack thermal management, perfor-mance, and safety. Increasing the Ha number results in a substantial, approximately 11 % reduction in the battery's maximum surface temperature when the Ha number increases from 0 to 100. Additionally, varying the MHD field angle can lead to a 5 % increase in the maximum temperature. Through a thorough examination of maximum temperature and a sensitivity analysis regarding the MHD field angle, we unequivocally establish the optimal orientation for MHD implementation as gamma = 180. This research underscores the potential for leveraging MHD effects to enhance battery pack thermal management and performance. It provides valuable insights into controlling PCM melting, benefiting various battery system applications.